ITSS

-A set of procedures that provides essential data and information to the management for making an informed decision. 

-It helps in strategic planning, management control, operational control and transaction

-Cost Leadership: providing the same value as competitors but at a lower price

-differentiation: charging higher prices for providing products that are perceived by the customer as being better 

-focus: understanding and servicing a target market better than anyone else 

a. Personal

b. Workgroup

c. Enterprise

d. Inter-organizational

a. Information Age is the idea where production, distribution, and the control of

information were the primary economic drivers. Similar to the industrial

revolution, this time period in history allocated an increased use in technological

devices that aimed to control and take over the economy.

b. The Digital Revolution was the idea where we had a transition from

analog/mechanical devices to more digital. This “revolution” changed the way

people kept data and changed the way in how they processed the data.

a. Scheduled (a report that is generated at a regular interval such as weekly or daily)

b. Ad-hoc (reports that are generated at an as needed basis and they are one off

reports that are used to answer questions)

c. Real-time (the idea of gathering a ton of data at every minute or hour and relaying

the data in order to compare and contrast various trends in the data)

-A formal framework to ensure IT investments support business needs. IT governance framework is the structure for leadership, organizational, and business processes with regard to information technology.

a. Organizations or businesses that are subject to regulatory compliance

b. Businesses or that have business models driven by efficiency and Optimization

c. Organizations that have demonstrated mature IT operations

-Governance consists of strategies for organizational success and mitigates risk, while Management involves daily actions and decisions, and works on upholding company objectives

i. Routines and Business Processes

ii. Organizational Politics

iii. Organizational Culture

iv. Organizational Environments

v. Organizational Structure

i. Entrepreneurial structure - Young small firms in fast environment (start ups)

ii. Machine bureaucracy  - Large bureaucracy producing standard products (midsize manufacturer)

iii. Divisionalized  bureaucracy - Combination of multiple machine bureaucracies (Fortune 500/ big companies)

iv. Professional bureaucracy - Knowledge based systems (school, law firms, hospitals)

v. Adhocracy - Organizations that respond to changing environments (consulting firms)

i. Economic Impact - transaction cost theory

ii. Organizational Impact - Fewer managers are needed due to IT enabling faster decisions

iii. Behavioral Impact - Decision making is pushed to lower levels

Through technology, businesses can reduce their cost of processing transactions with the same emphasis that they try to reduce their production costs

a. A process is a series of tasks that are completed in order to accomplish a goal

b. A business process is a process that is focused on achieving a goal for a business

a. Structured Process:

i. Supports operational and managerial tasks

ii. Standardized

iii. Usually formally defined

iv. Exceptions rare and NOT tolerated

v. Structure changes slowly with agony

b. Dynamic Processes:

i. Supports strategic and less structured activities

ii. Fluid

iii. Usually informal

iv. Exceptions are frequent

v. Adaptive processes and changes

a. Process Efficiency:

i. Ratio of outputs to inputs

b. Process Effectiveness:

i. How well a process achieves organizational strategy

c. How can processes be improved?

i. Change structure

ii. Change resources

iii. Change both

Business process management (BPM)

-Variety of tools, methodologies to analyze, design, optimize processes

-Used by firms to manage business process redesign

Steps in BPM

i. Identify process for change

ii. Analyze existing processes

iii. Design the new process

iv. Implement the new process

v. Continuous measurement

Example: Company changing purchases from in person to online in order to increase efficiency and turnover time.

a. What are the problems that are faced by Information Silos?

i. Data Duplication

ii. Data Isolation

iii. Disjointed Process

iv. Lack of integrated enterprise information

v. Inefficiency: decisions made in isolation

vi. Increased cost for organization

b. What do we do to SOLVE it?

i. Integrate into single databases

ii. Revise applications and processes

iii. Allows isolation, manage to avoid problems

Supportive Activities

-Administration and Management

-HR

-Technology

-Procurement

Primary Activities

-Inbound and Outbound Logistics

-Operations

-Sales and Marketing

-Service

i. Competitive Rivalry - Number of Competitors

ii. Power of Suppliers - Number of Suppliers

iii. Power of Customers - Number of Customers

iv. Threat of Substitute Products - Substitute performance, cost of change

v. New Entrants into the Industry - Time and cost of entry, barriers of entry

-factors that allow a company to produce goods or services better or more cheaply than its rivals

-Example: Access to new technology, better customer service

i. The use of Information Technology to support the sharing of

content among networks of users.

i. Social media providers

ii. Users

iii. Communities

i. Capital is the investment of resources for future profit

ii. Human capital is the investment in human knowledge and skills

for future profit.

iii. Social capital is the investment in social relations with the

expectation of returns in the marketplace.

a. Value of social capital: information, influence, social credentials, personal reinforcement

i. Pay-per-click (advertising)

ii. Freemium

iii. Ad-blocking software

i. Define your goal

ii. Identify Success Metrics

iii. Identify Target Audience

iv. Define Your Value

v. Make Personal Connections

vi. Gather and Analyze Data

KPI’s

II. Leads

III. Reach

IV. Engagement

V. Conversion

a. Workbook - collection of one or more related worksheets contained within a single

file.

b. Worksheet - spreadsheet containing Descriptive labels,

Numeric values, Formulas,Functions, and Charts.

c. Spreadsheet - electronic file consisting of a grid of columns and rows that:

- Organizes related data

- Displays results of calculations

- Enables interpretation of quantitative data for decision making.

d. Sum - =SUM() → sums the range of cells.

e. Average - =AVG() → to calculate the average of a group of numbers.

f. Mean - =Mean() → finds the average of the terms in the excel sheet.

g. Median - =Median() → returns the median of the given

numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of

numbers.

h. Count - =COUNT() → counts the number of cells that contains numbers.

i. SD or Standard Deviation - =STDEV() → Standard Deviation is a

number that tells you how far numbers are from their mean.

- Ctrl A → selects every cell in the Excel Worksheet.

- Ctrl Z → Undo the function

- Ctrl C → Copy the selected cells

- Ctrl V → Paste the copied cells.

k. =COUNTIFS() → counts based on multiple criteria.

l. =SUMIF() → sum cells based on 1 criteria.

m. =SUMIFS() → sum cells based on multiple criteria.

n. =SUMIF() → sum cells based on 2 criteria.

Definition → enables you to highlight cells with a certain color,

depending on the cell’s value.

-Top/Bottom rules lets you highlight top or bottom 3 cells in a range