Nutrition and Metabolism - Honors Anatomy & Physiology

food that we eat and liquids that we drink

• Carbohydrates 

• Fats

• Proteins

• Vitamins 

• Minerals 

deficiency or imbalance in the consumption of food, vitamins, and minerals

 food enters the cell and is chemically altered

carry out initial parts of protein and fat digestion for creating plasma proteins (albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen)

responsible for chemical breakdown of fats; secreted by liver, and stored in gallbladder 

vein that goes from the intestines to the liver to remove things that need to be stored & to remove toxins

• Carbohydrate metabolism

• Fat metabolism

• Protein 

carbohydrates

• Histidine 

• Isoleucine 

• Leucine 

• Lysine 

• Methionine 

• Phenylalanine 

• Threonine 

• Tryptophan 

• Valine 

organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism

vitamin deficiency

scurvy: deficiency in vitamin c

vitamin excess

inorganic elements or salts found naturally in the earth

carbon is present = organic

is the rate which food is catabolized at resting (but awake) state

is the total amount of energy used by the body per day

• Size (surface area)

• Sex

• Age

• Amount of thyroid hormone

• Miscellaneous (fever, drugs, emotions)

1) inborn errors of metabolism
2) complications of other conditions
3) eating/ nutrition disorders

Phenylketonura (PKU)

Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

• Anorexia nervosa

• Bulimia

• Obesity

• Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM)

behavioral disorder characterized by refusal to eat 

behavioral disorder characterized by binge and purge

possible chronic overeating disorder

abnormal condition from a deficiency of calories and proteins in general

marasmus and kwashiorkor

lack of calories and protein when sufficient food is not available (can see ribs)

protein deficiency in the presence of sufficient calories, as in weaning a child from milk to low-protein foods. The wasting of muscle tissue causes severe abdominal bloating and flaking dermatitis

1) fever
2) malignant hypothermia
3) heat exhaustion
4) heat stroke
5) hypothermia
6) frostbite

started by pyrogens (fire makers); these chemicals cause the hypothalamus to induce a fever and set the body temp at a higher level. the need of a person to 'warm up' is caused by chills

abnormally high body temp and muscle rigidity when exposed to certain anesthetics

body loses lots of fluids; can cause vertigo, nausea, and lack of consciousness

inability of the body to maintain a normal temp in an extremely warm environment. typically body temp is 105 or higher.

inability to maintain a normal temp in cold environments. body temp is normally lower than 95.

frozen skin resulting in death of affected area