Motivation and Emotion

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.

the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by insticts similar to those of animals.

a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism

a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal

those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity

theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation

law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels or arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high. This effect varies with the difficulty of the task: Easy tasks require a high-moderate level whereas more difficult tasks require a low-moderate level

things that attract or lure people into action, a pull.

theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties

according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential

the particular level of weight the body tries to maintain

the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting

a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full

a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs

a condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain

the "feeling" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings

theory in which a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion. I am afraid because I am shaking

theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time. I am shaking and afraid at the same time

theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the COGNITIVE LABEL of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced

Humanist theory of motivation that says we must first fulfill lower level needs before achieving personal fulfillment and self actualization

Physiological-Safety-Belongingness and Love-Esteem-Cognitive-Self Actualization

stops the eating response; lets us know we are full

if damaged, we would continue to eat.

initiates the eating response; lets us know we are hungry

if damaged, we would starve

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension

emotional release. ie. "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

The tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

A model of the body's response to chronic stress; the three phases are alarm (fight-or-flight response), resistance, and exhaustion.

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

A nonspecific, emotional response to real or imagined challenges or threats; a result of a cognitive appraisal by the individual

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life.

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

easygoing, relaxed people

Managers who assume that work is innately unpleasant and that people have a strong desire to avoid it; such managers believe that employees need direction, dislike responsibility, and must be kept in line.

The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goal

bad stress. extreme anxiety.

Changes in facial expression brings about emotion like changes in the body

Believes the infants can express several basic emotions as early as 10 weeks of age

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Female sex hormone

Male sex hormone

threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint

threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit