AP Human Geography: Unit 2: AP review

What regions in the world is it most densley populated?

What factors influence the distribution of a population?

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

The number of people per unit area of arable land

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources without damaging the enviroment or using natural resources unsustainabiliy

Do MDCS or LDCS have higher agricultural density?

How does population distribution and density affect society? -high population density impacts acess to houses, jobs, water and services like sanitation (medical care) -easier and cheaper to provide support to clustered populations -rural areas are harder to support

How does population distribution and density affect society? -competition for jobs -urbanization -uneven population distribution results in uneven development -scattered/dispersed population -lower wages- less access to people-less developed

How does population distribution and density affect society?

• representation in goverment -electoral districts which have to be roughly equal in population size

How does population distribution and density affect society?

• carrying capacity

• high population density: pressure on the arable land, water, resources, food supply

• air and water pollution, depletion of natural resources, use of large amounts of energy, excessive waste

what percentage of population are children, elderly, male, female

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

the number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group multiplied by 100 (under age 15 and over age 65)

HIGH OR LOW DEPENDENCY RATIO?

• many people not working

• not earning an income

• not paying tax

• working population face higher taxes

the proportion of males to females in a population

increases fertility rate and acclerate population growth (STAGE 4 AND 5 COUNTRIES)

Why would a popualtion be pro-natalist?

What are some methods populations try to promote pro-natalist policies?

goverment policies to decrease fertility rate and slow down population growth (STAGE 2 COuntries)

WHy would a popualtion enforce anti-natalist policies?

How do popualtions promote anti-natalist policies?

The scientific study of population characteristics.

2/3rds of the world's inhabitants are clusetred in four regions, what are they? These areas are generally low lying areas with fertile soil, and temperate climate

Low growth, High CBR, High CDR, Low NIR, small population

High Growth, High CBR, Rapidly declining CDR, High NIR

Moderate Growth, Rapidly Declining CBR, Moderately Declining CDR, Moderate NIR

Low Growth, Very Low CBR, Low or Slightly increasing CDR, Zero or Negative NIR

very low CBR, increasing CDR, declining NIR

the idea that population growth is potentially exponential while the growth of the food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a population die off.

world population growth is outstripping a wide varity of resources, not just food production

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

the permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another

the movement INTO a location

the movement AWAY (or exiting from) a location

the difference between the number of emigrants and the number of immigrants in a country

a negative circumstance, event, or condition that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region (EX: job loss, lack of employment, low wages)

positive conditions and perceptions that induce people to new locations from other areas (EX: job oppurtunities, higher wages, seasonal jobs)

the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

WHat is the ideal stage to be in the DTM?

A model highlighting the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Barriers that hold migrants back from continuing to travel

an oppurtunity that causes migrants to voluntarily stop traveling

TYPES OF MIGRATION people migrate due to their own choices

TYPES OF MIGRATION people relocate due to fears of violence or survival

TYPES OF MIGRATION a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures (EX: farmers, nomads, much of spain)

being forced to work for someone unpaid. (EX: atlantic slave trade, human trafficking)

FORCED MIGRATION someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence (EX: syrians, afghanistan)

TYPES OF MIGRATION migration from one country to another (EX: U.S to China)

TYPES OF MIGRATION movement of people from one area to another within a country (EX: move from mInneaplois to mankato)

TYPES OF MIGRATION immigrants migrate to a location based off of familys/friends

TYPES OF MIGRATION migration that occurs in steps to reah a destination through small movements (EX: migraton from rural)

TYPES OF MIGRATION people moving from rural to urban areas (EX: industrial revolution)

TYPES OF MIGRATION someone who has permission to live temporarilly in a country (EX: people from LDCs)

FORCED MIGRATIOn someone who has migrated to another country because of persucution; want to seek sancutuary (EX: rwandans)

how likely someone is to migrate based on age, income, and socio-economic factors

MODELS OF MIGRATION

1. migration is typically short in distance

2. migration occurs in steps

3. urban areas attract both long-distance and rural migrants

4. every migration generates a counter-migration

5. young, single, adult males are more likel to migrate than females (Women will migrate shorter distances) 6.(most) migration is due to economic factors

MODELS OF MIGRATION Closer places attract more migrants than distant places. Gravitational pull: lrage places attarct more migrants than smaller CRITICISMS: doesnt include migration selectivity, factors like age and education. Human behavior doesnt always follow a specific pattern

MODELS OF MIGRATION attempts to predict migration based on stages of development. involves external migration with stage 2 and intraregional migration with many stages CRITSICMS: doesnt take account for push/pull factors besides economy/development. no data is used.

What are some historic migration flows in the U.S?

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

What are some consequences of migration?

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries