NSE 103 Eyes

Clouding of the eyes lens, common in older people

Loss of central vision

Far sighted and 3-4 months

Red eye

Sudden vision change

Pupil irregularity: sluggish reaction: not equal sizes

Measuring the diameter of the disc

Accumulation of black pigment between retina and sclera called choroid

Yes, more common in african american

No pigment in choroid layer, Grey-White, New moon shaped, normal

sclera crescent

Pigment crescent

Retina vessels

Macula and inside fovea

optic disc and nerves

Nearsightedness - can see nearby things but not far things

Farsightedness - can see far things but not nearby things

gradual loss to focus on nearby objects, happens around 40

Lazy eye - reduced vision in one eye

Double Vision

Space between the eyelids

Border between sclera and cornea

Inner corner and the outter corner of the eyes

Nasolacrimal Duct

4 rectus - Superior(up), Inferior(down), Lateral(out), Medial(in)
2 Oblique - Superior(rotating eye downwards towards the nose) and Inferior(rotating the eye inwards away from the nose)

3 III - Oculomotor
4 IV - Trochlear
6 VI - Abducen

Oculomotor
Rectus - Superior, Inferior and Medial.
Oblique - Inferior

Trochlear
Oblique - Superior

Abducen
Rectus - Lateral

Parallel movement of the eyes

Sclera, choroid and Retina

Heavily vascularized so its dark doesn’t let any light in.

Supplies blood to the Retina

Left looks at right and vice versa

Cross Eyed

Increased intra-ocular pressure from blocked drainage. Results in vision loss

1. Well lit spot.

2. At client eye level.

3. Remove reading glasses only.

4. Make client stand 20FT from chart

5. Use a opaque card to test one eye at a time.

6. Ask to read as small as possible and encourage to next smallest.

Central Visual Acuity. Optic nerve

1. Put glasses on if applicable

2. Hold the card about 14 inches away.

3. One eye at a time start reading the chart

4. Record findings

20/50 - means what normal person sees in 50 ft is what the client sees on 20 feet.

minus scores on the board of they make mistakes.

1. Ask the client to follow the finger steady flow.

2. Hold back about 12 inches

3. Go to first position, Hold then back to centre.

4. Move to all 6 positions clockwise.

   NOTE IF THERES PARARELL MOVEMENT

Involuntary movement of the eye

1. Shining light into patients’ eyes.

2. Check for the reflection on both eyes and it should be around the same spot.

Sometimes miss-alignment of the eyes

Permanent miss-alignment of the eyes

Hyperthyroidism

Nerve damage

Dropping of the upper eyelid

Bulging eyes

Sunken eyes, eyes going in

Patient looks up and you pull the eyelid down

Muddy, Grey blue

Yes is they are dark skinned

Yellow eyes

Yes, its normal and its not juandice

Shine light from sideways and there should be no opacities

White ring around the Iris, Normal in older people

Unequal Pupil size

Pupils Equal Round & Reactive to Light and Accommodation

Red glow over the patients pupil, illuminating the retina

helps we see the back

1. Darken the room.

2. Remove glasses.

3. Ask the patient to look at a set point to look.

4. 25 cm away and 15 degrees angle

5. Note the red reflex

6. +6 Dioptres, check for opaqueness

7. Go until ur foreheads touch

8. Adjust for focus

Track the blood vessel

0

Myopia

Hyperopia

Optic disc

Macula

Vessels