APWH Chapter 5

the process of developing machine production of goods

A change that began in Britain in the 18th to 19th centuries where more innovations in machinery were made along with more incorporation of factories

buildings with the intent of mass producing a certain product or number of products with the use of machines and engines

wealth in the form of property or money owned by a business or individual

steep growth in industry and the production of steel, petroleum, electric power, and the machinery to produce other goods

consists of costumers who buy commodities for personal use

an economic system based on private ownership of capital

thinker who supported a economic system based on private enterprise and free trade

an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

groups that protest for voting rights and equality.

a superpower extending its reach to less powerful areas usually in the forms of colonies or protectorates.

lands that are controlled by another nation

feeling partiotic pride and devotion

a state containing one homogeneous group

a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions

French philosopher from 1712-1778 who believed that people are born equal, and direct democracy was the best form of government

English empiricist philosopher who believed that government should exist to protect our natural rights

the overthrow of a government by those who are governed

the document that started the American Revolution formally

a rebellion in the British colonies of the northeast of north america which led to the formation of the United States

the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.

French Constitution ,

the historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed

French politician who led the reign of terror with many executions and eventually he was executed himself.

instrument of execution that consists of a weighted blade between two vertical poles

Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule

Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. This revolution set up the first black government in the Western Hemisphere and the world's second democratic republic (after the US).

Leader of the Haitian Revolution

communities of runaway slaves, survival of African traditions such as house designs, community organizations and language in Caribbean

a movement to end the slave trade and set slaves free.

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

first conference of women for women's rights which was made up of women of the Quaker belief

moving to another area for a seasonal time or more permanent time

areas or neighborhoods within cities that are homogeneous in their ethnic make-up, and are usually surrounded by different ethnic groups

Led the Mexican Revolution

Drafted by Simon Bolivar

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

His water frame, invented in 1769, used the waterpower from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels:

fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789

In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Leaders of the Revolutions

Bolivar's dream of a united South America

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

created by Jethro Tull, it allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths; this boosted crop yields

Focusing work effort on a particular product or a single task

Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts

A system of textile manufacturing in which laborers (rural proletariat or urban migrants) worked in homes or workshops through merchant intermediaries or workshop owners; marginalized guilds hold over production

practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings