Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

________ enters the Krebs cycle, where a little more energy is given off.

________ that need oxygen are called aerobic.

The ________ and electron transport chain are both aerobic.

________ gives off oxygen, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.

Must eat other living things for food

Make their own food through photosynthesis

The process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

________ break down food molecules over time, getting a little bit of chemical energy at key steps.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: an electron carrier involved in glycolysis

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

________ is used at the end of the electron transport chain; any time a cell needs more energy, it needs more ________, too.

A(n) ________ that does not need oxygen is called anaerobic.

The ________ made during glycolysis can enter the mitochondrion to join the ________ and FADH2 made by the Krebs cycle.

The organelles most important in cellular respiration

________ are then passed from all of those carriers to the electron transport chain, which uses them to change ADP into ATP.

For quick bursts of energy, the body uses ________ already in muscles and ________ from lactic acid fermentation.

The ________ and electric transport chain take place inside the mitochondria.

________ and cellular respiration can be thought of as opposite processes, as the equations for ________ and cellular respiration are the reverse of each other.

________ is an anaerobic process.

Step 2: Enzymes split CO2 off from ________, leaving a 2- carbon molecule, and NADH is produced from NAD.

For exercise longer than 90 seconds, the body uses ________.

The ________ takes place within the matrix- the innermost space of the mitochondrion.

The first stage of cellular respiration

________ produces food molecules and removes carbon dioxide from the air, and cellular respiration puts it back.

________ gives off carbon dioxide, water, and energy and the process can be summarized like this:

Together, glycolysis, the ________, and the electron transport chain make about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.

________ does not need oxygen, meaning that ________ can quickly get chemical energy to cells when there is not any oxygen present.

During the ________, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of steps that release chemical energy.

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

the innermost space of the mitochondrion

Pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters the mitochondrions matrix

Enzymes split CO2 off from pyruvic acid, leaving a 2-carbon molecule, and NADH is produced from NAD

The 2-carbon-atom molecule joins a 4-carbon-atom molecule to become citric acid

More CO2 and NADH are made as citric acid becomes a 4-carbon-atom molecule

More reactions make high-energy molecules of ATP, FADH2, and NADH

The 4-carbon atom molecule can go through the cycle again

ATP already in muscles, ATP made by lactic acid fermentation, and ATP made by cellular respiration

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

The second stage of cellular respiration

The third stage of cellular respiration

Chemical pathways that need oxygen are called aerobic

A chemical process that does not need oxygen

The innermost space of the mitochondrion