Eesc 101 term test 1

the systematic study of our environment and our place in it

the circumstance and conditions that surrounds a group of organisms

• resource use

• production of byproducts from resource use

anything that an organism uses/ consumes that comes from the environment

environmental change

• the more resource consumption the more degradation

Least Developed Countries

• 85% of total population

• have 12% of the worlds wealth

• located in the southern hemisphere

• can be more effected by climate change

8 billion expected increase to 9/10 billion by 2050

• by 2025 5 billion people will live in cities

735 million

• women’s suffrage

• more things probably this is all i got rn

• population

• atmosphere and climate

• agriculture fisheries and food production

• fresh water

• biodiversity and land change

• rich vs poor population

425 ppm as of june 2023

• 600 ppm by 2050

developed over the poles by CFC emissions

• banned since 1994

cause acid precipitation and decomposition

major problem in major countries especially in urban areas

• 3 million people die early because air pollution

• population growth

• soil degradation

• 800 million people are malnourished

• 40 million people die from malnutrition

• 75% of major (big fish)

• 50%

• may supply 2/3 of all fish by 2030

• increased by over 600% globally from 19000

• LDC’s use only 1-2% of the average Canadians drinking water

• 1.1 billion people don’t have safe drinking water

• 15 billion people die from polluted water

• pesticides

• fertilizers

• hazardous chemicals

• irrigation

• agriculture

• 40%

Forest coverage to decreased by 24% over the last 3 centuries

• climate change

• habitat loss

• species extinction

• water damage

• invasive species

1,000 to 10,000 times greater then natural rate of extinction

degraded 700 million structures hectares since 1950

Most Developed Countries

• have resources to deal with climate change

• 1/5 of population lives with $25,000 per capita

have a combined wealth of $12.7 trillion

• more total wealth then poorest 4 billion of worlds population

• PAT model

• American biologist known for research on human population

• human overpopulation would lead to envies disasters

• wrote the population bomb

  impact = population x Affluence x Technology

available in a fixed amount

can renew themselves after use

• can be exhausted

highest rate of renewal resources consumption that can occur without decreasing potential for renewal

resources that is virtually inexhaustible

can determine what is classified as a resource

• iPhone, cars, alcohol

• consumption of these resources is not biased on survival

the maximum size of a population of a single species that a certain habitat can support

controls population size

• disease

• lack of resources

• 1195

• what is the carrying capacity compared to humans - 2.5 billion humans

• joel cohen

  1. develop technology

  2. fewer people

  3. better manners

good for people and has a limited impact on the environment

• abandon technology with a negative effect

  • fossil fuels, plastics ex

reduce fertility rates in where population growth is high

create serious policies in relation to protecting the environment

• rich countries help poor countries develop sustainability

1. tool making revolution

2. agricultural revolution

3. industrial revolution

4. informational revolution

200,000 ago human began using tools

• extracted resources and where made from resources

• 800 BC

• humans began domesticating plants and animals

• tools for agriculture

• lead to urbanization

• 1700 AD

• machines: production of goods in large quantities

• provided more food and goods = more environmental degradation

• doubled life expectancy

• beginning of the 1970’s

• informational age: large scale use of computers, software and networks

• gave people unlimited access to information

• stage 1

• man and nature

• made a reaction to the Industrial and Agricultural Revolution

• influences Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot

• created USFS

1. pragmatic resource conservation

2. moral and aesthetic Nature preservation

3. health and ecological damage concerns

4. global environmental citizen ship

• save forests to provide resources for the future

• first chief of the forest Service

• utilitarian approach to resource management

• stage 1

• john muir

• roosevelt

• pinchot

• president of the Sierra club

• opposed pinchot’s utilitarian policies

• biocentric preservation

nature deserves to exist for its own sake regardless of its degree of usefulness to humans

• stage 3

• wrote silent spring (1962)

  • wrote about concerns after WW11

• 1960’s - 1970’s

• atomic weapons testing

• fossil fuel issues

• air and water pollution

• wilderness protection

• stage 4

• information and technology used to monitor and talk about the environmental state of the planet

• expanded international communications about environmental problems

seeks to manage and protect natural resources

• came to place because of environmental degradation

earliest recorded concern for natural resources '

• presented a paper to the Royal Society of London in 1662

• concern for englands forests

• established 1905

• focuesed on birds and their habitats

• EPA

• December 2 1970 by Richard Nixon ‘

• US

• 1970

• canada

• was created because of the clean water act

• 1970

• now called environmental and climate change canada

• 1620’s

• science involved inductive logical thinking

• 1930’s

• proper way of science is using deductive logic

1. explanation

2. confirmation

relating observed laws to concepts, theories, and laws

• idealization

• unification

condensing fact into a simple statement

relating unconnected phenomena to the same idea

• observation, hypothesis testing, prediction and experimentation

• strive to be logical, methodical and unbiased

• reproducibility

• must have consensus

MDC’s - population has stabilized

LDC’s - population growth rates are falling quickly

• average life expectancy has doubled

13.5% of worlds land area is protected areas

used to meet needs of billions of people

• sustainable energy is increasing reducing the use of fossil fuels

• cost of solar and wind power has dropped making it more accessible then coal and nuclear power

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations

• improving our relationship with the environment

• 1987

• first mentioned sustainable development

• united Nations Environment Programme

• 1972

• the gobal body for initiatives dealing with climate, biodiversity, energy, water ec

• Maurice strong was elected first head

a method used to study and understand natural things

a group of parts that work together

• elements

• attributes

• relationships

parts making up a system

characteristic of an element that can be measured

cause and effect relationships that exist among elements and their attributes

• type of system

• illustrations, scaled down representation, or mathematical equation

a system that is isolated

matter cannot cross its boundary

• energy can

matter and energy can cross boundary

when the characteristic of a whole system is greater then the sum of its parts

current condition of an element, attribute or relationship in a system

when average state of the measured system property does not change at all over time

the system property experiences a disturbance causing the measured state to change.

• after time it returns back to the original level

the system property experiences a disterbance causing the measured state to change

• does not return to origonal level

when the average state of the measured system property remains unchanged over a period of time

there is no average state and the measured system property continually changes over time

occurs when the averages states of the measured system property declines over time as it moves to maximum entropy

solid → liquid → gas

gas → liquid → solid

1. mass : amount of material in an object (g)

2. volume: amount of space occupied by an object (m³)

3. density: quantity of mass found in a given volume (m-³)

• protons (+)

• neutrons

• electrons (-)

• # electrons = # protons