Chapter 15

in northern inida politics became extremely chatoic with wars breaking out everywhere. local turks took advantage of this to make find a place to rule in india.

centralized rule did not dissapear as king harsha helped unify india and took over most of northern india. he was a very nice king who ahd a good reputation for builfing hospoitals and distributing wealth for his subjects. however despite his ppopular reputation his empire fell due to local rulers wanting powers so he was assasinated and local realms took over again

1. military arrived to india looking for power during the breakought of warring local rule and brough islam

2. the ummayads conquered sind, on the indus river. most of the population was hindu or budhsit and hindu rulers tried to take sind back but islamic movements helped influence sind and parts of inida until the collpase of the abbasids

arab and persiasn merchants dominated trade between india and western lands. this allowed for muslim merchants to immerse tehmselves into small comunities in india and ended up incorporating a larger and larger muslim population

when turks were migrating towards central asia hglped them brung islam to india, muahmad of ghanzi was leading them but he did not help influence islam on them. he was a rithless leader who built ghanzi, a refined capital in afghanostan. he took multiple raids to india hpwevr he did not care about ruling india he just demolished hundreds of religous sites and killed throusands of people to gain wealth. this led to the decline of buddhism but did not turn people towards is islam.

they took a more sytematic campaign to rule india and established the sultanate of dehli which was an islamic state and ruled that for over 200 years. however they faced a lot of resistance by teh hindu population having many dehli leaders assasinated

they were a jindu kingdom who controlled most of the coromonda (southern) coast and did not have a centralized rule but still enforced unification through taxes. they also dominated the waters of trade from south china to arab

the chola kingdom was reverted ionto the kindom of vijayanfager which was slightluy more north than chola since the turks took over teh south. hwoever teh still wanted to hnor dehli so they sent two brothers, harihara and bukka to represent islam hwoever they took the oppurtunity to have make an idnependent kingdom of vajauanger in the south and reverted back to hinduism. they ebcame teh dominant state in teh south until they fell to a muslim alliance

large scale articificial irrigation systems, which over 900 years doubled the population and helped with growth of cities especially the capital of dehli

despite differences in politics northern and southern india still traded with eachother. when northern states became especially warlike, southern trade duyring the chola kingdom heightened

public life revolved around them as they were social centers, hosted trade markets, and was a place of work. the temples also served as a school for young boys

dhows (arab) and junks (chinese) which helped enable trade to the “emporia” of india

local industries and production flourisehd

despite almost all of axums neighbors converting axum stayed loyal to christianity, however they were sperated from trade throughout africa and teh middle east so they often traded in southeast asia

as turkish people migrated to india they were given there own section of a caste, merchnats also expanded their subcatse (jati) seperating their jati based on the type of trade they did, these changes expanded the caste system to southern inida as well

vishnu and shiva, promised salvation and became very popualr

he was a devot of shiva who had similar philoshopy ideas to plato and promoted an understanding of relaity

he was a devot of vishu who did not promote an understanidng of reality but instead promoted a relationship with your god

it was a cult that sought to erase the differences between hinduism and islam

he said the shiva, vishnu, and allah, all represented the same universal deity

india often traded with southeast asia so they adopted a lot of indian values. for example they adopted regional administration and hindu and buddhist values

tyheyw ere located between vietnam and cambodia and mainly were influenced by india through trade. through the welath they gained in trade they were able to create large irrigation systems. gthey took the sanskrit term raja (king) and used it as their leader, they also established a bearacracy and worshiped hindu dieties. however interanl power struglles led to the fall of funan

they traded a lot so they distributed a lot of wealth to south east asia, with trade came hindu and buddhist ideollagy that shaped south east asias politics and culture

they traded a lot with india and china and used their wealth to create large irrigation systems. they adopted the hindu king, had a bearacracy, and held bussiness in sanskirt. they also worshiped hindu dieties until they fell due to internall issues

a large maritime trade kingdom who controlled sea trade form india to china until the chola kingsom.

recieved a lot of hindu influence so they built hindu temples, however as they began to turn to buddhism they added buddhist temples making angkor wat