Unit 3 Respiratory, Digestion, and Metabolism

air

open space

bronchus

shell

rib

within inner

over, above

outside, outer layer

outside, beyond

between

within, inside

passage

middle

side, rib

air, wind

lung

nose

the wind

partition

suck in

nourish

precceding, before

hang to

base

heat

blind

around

hollow

falling off

tooth

difficult, faulty, painful

intestine

within

stomach

carried

tounge

sweet

taste

intestine

milk

feed, nourish

teeth

digest

eat

back, again

fold, wrinkle

organ

shaggy hair

organ, viscera

life

thirst, dry

flow, discharge

compression, constriction

ferment

When you move on a longterm basis from sea level to the mountains, your body makes respiratory and hematopoietic adjustments via an adaptive response

binding strength

breathing cessation

ion exchange process occurs via facilitated diffusion through an RBC membrane protein

consists of all of the respiratory passageways from the nose to the respiratory bronchioles that provide fairly rigid conduits for air to reach the gas exchange sites and also cleanse, humidify, and warm incoming air

refers to the volume of air located in the respiratory tract segments that are responsible for conducting air to the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles but do not take part in the process of gas exchange itself

difference between the physiologic dead space and the anatomic dead space

reflects the greater ability of reduced hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin and to buffer by combining with it

a procedure in which air in the victim’s lungs is used to “pop out,” or expel, an obstructing piece of food

high carbon dioxide levels in the blood

low carbon dioxide levels in the blood

an increase in ventilation in response to metabolic need

a form of respiratory drive in which the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle

measure of the change in lung volume that occurs with a given change in transpulmonary pressure

the pressure exerted by a single component of a mixture of gasses

the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries

the actual site of gas exchange is composed of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, all microscopic structures

original clinical measuring tool was a cumbersome instrument utilizing a hollow bell inverted over water

We aid this process voluntarily by closing the glottis and contracting our diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles to increase the intraabdominal pressure

the amount of gas reaching the alveoli

Superior to the vocal folds are the false vocal cords; These play no direct part in sound production but help to close the glottis when we swallow

attach the arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid cartilage

composed largely of elastic fibers form the core of mucosal folds; appear pearly white because they lack blood vessels

the nasal cavity and conchae filters air; The conchae and paranasal sinuses moisten and warm air

The length of the vocal folds and the size of the glottis change with the action of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles that clothe the cartilages; the length and tension of the vocal folds change, and the pitch of the sound varies; the tenser the vocal folds, the faster they vibrate and the higher the pitch.

During normal quiet breathing, about 500 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath

the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (3100M to 1900F ml)

is the amount of air normally 1200M and 700F ml that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration

Even after the most strenuous expiration, about 1200M and 1100F ml of air remains in the lungs; which helps to keep the alveoli open and prevent lung collapse

is the total amount of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal volume expiration, so it is the sum of TV and IRV; 3600M and 2400F ml

represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration and is the combined RV and ERV; 2400M and 1800F ml

is the total amount of exchangeable air; It is the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV; 4800M and 3100F ml

is the sum of all lung volumes; 6000M and 4200F ml

tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual

include inspiratory, functional residual, vital, and total lung capacities; The respiratory capacities always consist of two or more lung volumes

states that when the temperature is constant, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume

states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture

states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, the gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure

Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the building block of protein

Process in which living cells break down substances into simpler substances

Process by which the products of digestion pass through the alimentary canal mucosa into the blood or lymph

Rate at which energy is expended (heat produced) by the body per unit of time under controlled (basal) conditions: 12 hours after a meal, at rest

Elimination of the contents of the bowels (feces)

Swallowing

A series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to their building blocks by enzymes

Formation of glycogen from glucose