Exam #1 True or False Questions

A normal swallow is possible even if all swallowing organs are not normal

Most people will occasionally aspirate some food or fluid.

Aspiration pneumonia is the result of a pulmonary infection

The normal individual does not require as much water as the neurologically impaired person.

Chewing is more difficult for people who lack adequate hydration.

People at risk for aspiration should not take liquids.

Malnutrition will decrease the speed of recovery in stroke patients.

Malnutrition can be found in all patients with a neurological disease.

Unplanned weight loss is a welcome event for overweight people who are over the age of 60.

The study of pneumonia rates pre and post early intervention by Odderson and collegues suggests that the cost of an early intervention program reduces the overall cost of treating pneumonia.

Hospitals will benefit from early intervention programs because the cost of non-oral feeding is more expensive than oral feeding.

Adult patients undergoing surgery to the kidneys, liver, or hips may experience dysphagia after these procedures.

The incidence of swallowing disorders in CVA patients is about 42%.

Cortical strokes result in dysphagia more than any other type of stroke

Approximately 20% of stroke patients die due to aspiration pneumonia in the first year after the stroke.

Older adult individuals over the age of approximately 80 years are likely to have dysphagia even without knowing it.

The Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is the major sphincter in the upper esophagus.

Failure of the velopharyngeal sphincter to close (contract) during a swallow is most likely to result in air or the bolus to leak into the airway.

The most important sphincter for preventing the entrance of food or liquid into the subglottic \n airway is the vocal folds.

The upper esophageal sphincter is normally in a state of tonic contraction when the patient is \n not swallowing

The voluntary and involuntary phases of swallowing are partially ongoing in the same time frame when swallowing is normal.

All four phases of swallowing are amenable to treatment in a proper dysphagia management program.

Because of the overlapping of the actions during swallowing, it is not necessary for the larynx to elevate to have a normal swallow.

The vocal folds do not have to close completely for the swallow to occur without aspiration or penetration.

Difficulty chewing or inability to chew various textures of food is a problem in the pharyngeal.

A delayed cough or cough after the swallow is usually a sign of a pharyngeal phase swallow problem.

When food of liquid penetrates to the level of the vocal folds, the voice quality is most likely to change.

Despite modification of food textures or bolus size, a pharyngeal phase swallowing problem is unlikely to improve

The lack of coordination of the major sphincters in the swallowing mechanism is likely to lead to a problem when swallowing liquids.

The internal branch of the superior nerve is responsible for glottic closure during the passage of \n the bolus to the esophagus

The superior laryngeal nerve has both sensory and motor functions

Cortical regulation of swallowing is represented in the LEFT hemisphere of the brain

The central pattern generator for coordinating the act of swallowing is located in the brainstem.

The teeth are the primary manipulators of the bolus during the oral phase of swallowing

Bolus containment is the responsibility of the tongue.

To improve the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in the normal person, reducing the size of the bolus is the most important factor.

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is involuntary.

There is no sensory information occurring during the oral preparatory phase of swallowing.

The loss of the molar teeth will not affect the transfer stage of the oral preparatory phase

Chewing is part of the oral phase of swallowing.

Normal bolus movement is a combination of pressure and tongue posture

Inflammatory myopathies cause swallowing problems due to the fact that \n the muscle over acts during the act of swallowing.

Myasthenia gravis is a disorder that reduces the muscular activating \n network and results in muscle fatigue

Oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal but not esophageal problems usually lead to \n aspiration of foods and liquids in Parkinson's patients.

Parkinson's disease patients are more likely to have less oral phase problems \n of swallowing than patients who have had a stroke

The risk of aspiration pneumonia in patients with Parkinson's disease \n increases over time

Tests of swallowing for patients with neurological disorders are usually

done in conjunction with a neurosurgeon.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a disorder of the upper and lower motor

neuron systems.

Lower motor neuron disease usually results in damage from the motor

nuclei in the cerebellum.

The risk of aspiration pneumonia in patients with strokes increases over Time