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Literature
Written work of arts of a specific culture, subculture, religion, philosophy, or the study of such written work which may appear in poetry or in prose.
Prose Fiction
Narrative written without a metrical pattern that tells an imaginary or invented story.
Drama
Portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events through the performance of written dialogue either prose or poetry.
Poetry
Type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene, or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words.
Prose Non-Fiction
Any literary work that is based mainly on fact, even though it may contain fictional elements. Examples include essays, journals, and biographies.
Simile
A stated comparison between two unlike things or persons that have something in common using "like" or "as". Example: Her smile is as mysterious as Mona Lisa's.
Metaphor
An implied comparison between two persons or things that are unlike in most respects. Example: The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.
Personification
Giving human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract things. Example: The flowers dance in the garden.
Metonymy
Consists of naming a thing by one of its attributes. Example: The crown prefers taxes from the underlings to support his expenses.
Synecdoche
Substituting a part for a whole, an individual for a class, or a material for the thing. Example: Many squatters dream of roofs over their heads.
Hyperbole
An exaggeration used for artistic effect. Example: Thanks a million!
Litotes
A deliberate understatement used to affirm by negating the opposite. Example: The trip wasn't a total loss.
Irony
The use of words to signify the opposite of their literal meaning. Example: You're beautiful; You look like a Christmas tree.
Oxymoron
Putting together in one statement two contradictory terms. Example: The sound of silence is indeed deafening.
Apostrophe
An address to a (a) dead person as though he were alive or (b) an absent person as though he were present. Example: Ninoy, you're not alone.
Literra
meaning letters and referring to an acquaintance with the written word.