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Three main mechanical functions for bones with musculoskeletal system
Structure, protection, movement
Bone material constituents that help with stiffness and compressive strength.
Calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
Bone material constituents that help with tensile strength.
Collagen
All bone material consituents
Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, water
Compact, mineralized connective tissue with low porisity
Cortical bone
Type of bone tissue most likely found in the shafts of long bones
Cortical
Type of bone tissue categorized by less compact mineralized connective tissue with high porosity.
Trabecular
Type of bone tissue most likely found in the ends of long bones
Trabecular
Type of bone tissue most likely found in the vertebrae
Trabecular
Type of bone tissue that makes up 80% of skeletal mass
Cortical
Type of bone tissue that makes up 20% of skeletal mass
Trabecular
Type of bone tissue that can withstand greater stress
Cortical
Type of bone tissue that can withstand greater strain
Trabecular
Characteristic that describes a material’s different mechanical properties depending on direction
Ansiotropy
Equation for internal stress (Tension)
σ = P/A
Equation for internal stress (Compression)
σ = -P/A
Equation for internal stress (Shear)
τ = V/A
Equation for internal stress (Bending)
σ = Mc/I
Equation for internal stress (Torsion)
τ = Tc / J
“Bone adapts (remodels) in response to the mechanical loads placed on it.”
Wolff’s Law
Number of bones in the adult body
206
Number of bones in the axial skeleton
80
A shallow, dish-shaped depression in a bone that can
serve as an articular surface or as a muscle
attachment.
Fossa
A bony prominence (i.e. the protruding part of the scapula)
Process
A rounded projection of bone to which a ligament,
tendon, or muscle attaches; usually created or
enlarged by the stress of the muscle's pull on that
bone during growth. Usually roughened.
Tuberosity
A rounded process or projection of a bone that
articulates with another bone (i.e. the round part of a “cartoon” bone)
Condyle
A small condyle (usually a site for muscle/ligament
attachment) on or near a condyle
Epicondyle
Blunt irregularly shaped bony projection (femur)
Trochanter
A small, fairly flat, smooth surface of a bone, that is
usually an articular surface
Facet
A hole in a bone through which nerves or vessels pass (i.e. holes in the pelvis)
Foramen
Note
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