Earth Science: Earth's Shape; Earth's Interior Layers; Layers of the Atmosphere

almost, sphere

oblate spheroid

Earth is curved

lunar eclipse

occurs when the Earth comes between the sun and moon

occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the Sun

Polaris

a star positioned above the North pole

Equator

North Pole

cannot

pictures of Earth from space

oblate spheroid

A flattened sphere

Because Earth spins on its axis

No, there is more gravity on the poles than at the Equator. This is due to Earth NOT being a perfect spheroid.

shows that gravity is slightly less at the Equator than at the poles

closer

decreases

more, less

12,735 km

is

variations in elevation of an area of the Earth's Surface

Crust, Mantle, Core

the layer of solid rock that forms a shell around the Earth

crust, upper mantle

the outermost layer of the Earth and makes up all the continents and ocean basins thinnest layer

crust that is under the ocean

crust that is not under the ocean

bigger

less

solid and upper part of the mantle above the Asthenosphere

a semi-liquid layer below the lithosphere convection currents happen here part of the Mantle below the Uppermost Rigid Layer

boundary/interface between crust and mantle

a layer under the upper mantle, it is more rigid

liquid layer mostly made of iron under the lower mantle causes Earth's magnetic field

solid layer under outer core

the thin film of water that rests on the lithosphere and covers about 70% of the Earth's surface

A gaseous layer surrounding Earth layered into distinct zones

thickest layer of Earth Includes: Upper/Rigid Mantle, Asthenosphere, Lower/Stiffer Mantle

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12 km/ 8-9 miles into the crust, our technology isn't advanced enough and it's too hard

Seismic (Earthquake; P & S waves) waves/ Seismic Data

temperature

first layer of the atmosphere 0-12 km increases in altitude, decreases in temperature Earth's surface (bottom of Troposphere) absorbs the Sun's rays/heat and then emits some of the heat into the atmosphere think of an campfire, the closer you are to the fire the warmer you get contains nearly all of the mass of the atmosphere weather occurs here

the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere temperature doesn't rise or cool down

found on top of tropopause (strato= spreading out) (2nd layer) 12-50 km conatins ozone (03) converts Sun's energy using ozone into heat, warming up the air increases in altitude, increases with temperature

latitude

(03) the three is written like an exponent but on the bottom absorbs Ultraviolet rays from the sun converts the harnessed energy from the Sun's ray into heat reason why temperature increases in the Stratosphere

found on top of stratosphere (meso=middle) (3rd layer) 50-80 km most meteors burn up in here known as shooting stars increases in altitude, decreases in temperature doesn't absorb the Sun's rays

boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere the temperature stays consistent

boundary between mesopause and thermosphere temperature stays consistent

outermost layer (thermo=heat) (4th layer) 80km- has no limit altitude increases, temperature increases can get very hot absorbs most of the Sun's heat has 2 sublayers (ionosphere, exosphere) Aurora Borealis & Satellites & International Space Stations are in here

lower level of Thermosphere (ion= electrical charge) 80-550 km electrically charged particles called ions cause radio waves to bounce off the ionosphere and bounce back into Earth's surface Aurora Borealis (northen lights) occur here

the outer layer of the Thermosphere (exo= outer) satellites & the International Space Station orbit the Earth in the exosphere

the force of pushing on an area or surface

the weight (or force) of the atmosphere at any particular point ***as altitude increases, pressure decreases

isn't

begin

troposphere because all living things live in the troposphere and weather only occurs in the troposphere Because all living things depend on water, the water cycles occurs in the troposphere

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