Exam 1

linear, 180

trigonal planar, 120

trigonal planar, bent, <120

tetrahedral, 109.5

tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, <109.5

tetrahedral, bent, <109.5

trigonal bipyramidal, 120 (equatorial) and 90 (axial)

trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, <120 (equatorial) and <90 (axial)

trigonal bipyramidal, t-shaped, <90

trigonal bipyramidal, linear, 180

octahedral, octahedral, 90

octahedral, square pyramidal, <90

octahedral, square planar, 90

gold foil experiment showed that an atom is mostly empty space and that electrons orbit in a mostly fixed path

cathode ray tube showed that all atoms contain electrons

oil drop experiment to determine charge of electron

electrons orbit the nucleus at a certain distance and lead to discovery of orbitals and shells

lead to the idea that light can behave as a wave cause an interference pattern

when light is shined onto a metal, sometimes it emits electrons

between a metal and a non-metal EN is greater than 1.7

two atoms have to share electrons completely, EN is less than 0.4

two atoms of different electronegativities share electrons, EN is between 0.4 and 1.7

systems that are equal in energy

valence electrons don't feel full charge of core electrons because of electrons in between

higher probability to be found inside the atom's core region

the lowest energy of an atom or particle

down- radius increases across- radius decreases

down- energy decreases across- energy increases

not much of a trend among group 1A becomes more positive down and more negative to the right

the energy required to remove the first electron from an atom

atomic number-valence electrons

c = λv

E=hv (frequency)

the idea that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap

orbitals that apply to the entire molecule