CHAPTER 13: PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS

________ plays an important role in living systems.

________ are often based on the number of moles of one or more components of the solution.

________ is the top layer because it is less dense than water.

Placing the cell in a solution that is ________ to the intracellular fluid causes water to move into the cell, which may cause the cell to rupture.

The ________ (M) of a solute in a solution is defined as.

________ depends on the mass of solvent.

When the ________ and become more randomly distributed, there is an increase in a thermodynamic quantity.

________ form the dividing line between solutions and heterogeneous mixtures.

The ________ is commonly used for mole fraction, with a subscript to indicate the component of interest.

________ can be dispersed in water only if they are stabilized in some way.

________ are very useful when dealing with gases, but have limited use when dealing with liquid solutions.

________ are typically accompanied by changes in enthalpy.

Is a mixture in which the molecules of different species are distinguishable, however, unlike the ideal gas, the molecules in ________ exert forces on one another.

(________ means "depending on the collection; "colligative properties depend on the collective effect of the number of solute particles .)

When the ________ is water, the interactions are referred to as hydration.

The ________ is always toward the solution with the lower solvent (higher solute) concentration, as if the solutions were driven to attain equal concentrations.

It occurs of its own accord without any ________ from outside the system.

Is the pressure exerted by the vapor when it is at equilibrium with the liquid (that is, when the ________ equals the rate of condensation)

The ________, Kf, is called the molal freezing- point depression constant.

In 1905, Einstein developed an equation for the average square of the displacement of a(n) ________, a historically very important development.

In contrast to solid solutes, the ________ in water decreases with increasing temperature.

________ depends on the volume of solution.

Like solutions, ________ can be gases, liquids, or solids.