BIOL 115 Exam 2

specialized structures that perform jobs inside cells

which domains contain single-celled prokaryotes?

which domain contains multicellular eukaryotes?

what was the first from of life?

P or E: membrane-bound nucleus

P or E: nuclei

A or P: big and round

A or P: small and square

how big are cells?

why are cells small?

you’re looking at a cell that contains a membrane-bound nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria. what can you conclude?

what system modifies, packages, and transports proteins?

what are the steps of the endomembrane system?

molecules inside the cell are broken down for new use

external cellular food is eaten by the cell

what does a protein need to be sent to another organelle

where does a protein go if it has no zip code sequence

what protein carries vesicles along the “skeleton” of the cell?

P or E: circular DNA

P or E: linear DNA

jelly-like substance in a cell

what percent of water makes up cytosol?

what do dissolved molecules and ions allow a cell to do?

circular DNA is compacted in a region called _____

organelle that encapsulates and protects the DNA of eukaryotic cells

the double-phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus

part of the nucleus that allows molecules to exit

the darkly stained region within the nucleus where rRNA is synthesized

macromolecule made of a combination of proteins and rRNA that is responsible for converting RNA into proteins

T or F: ribosomes can be free floating or attached to the rough ER

organelle attached to the nucleus and composed of stacks of flattened membranes

the major location for the synthesis and packaging of proteins

the center of the rough er where ribisomes deposit proteins

organelle found directly outside of the rough er that is composed of stacks of flattened membranes

what organelle contains enzymes for carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and/or degradation

molecules created by both types of er and packaged in bubbles to be shipped to other parts of the cell

organelle found directly outside of the er that is composed of stacks of flattened membranes and receives vesicles to sort thein contents and re-packages them

the face of the golgi that is closest to the ER and receives vesicles

the face of the golgi that vesicles are shipped out of

the layers of the golgi

what are vesicle contents sorted by in the golgi?

organelle that is a product of the golgi

specialized vesicle created that contains up to 40 different enzymes that are all used for digestion of cellular material

enzymes within the lysosomes are called _____

what do lysosomes do to digest material for other processes?

large membrane-bound organelle where water and enzymes used for digestion are stored

organelle that provides the cell with internal support when full

membrane-bound organelle that is much like a lysosome but is NOT created by the golgi

what organelle is used for detoxification in plant and animal cells?

peroxisomes contain enzymes that are made from

where does detoxification of chemical substances occur?

the organelle that produces cellular ATP

how many phospholipid bilayer membranes does the mitochondria have?

the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

the space between the cristae

T or F: mitochondria contain their own DNA

organelle where photosynthesis takes place

the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplasts

how many membranes does a chloroplast have?

a stack of thylakoids is called

the space within the thylakoids

what particle binds the signal sequence in the endomembrane system?

if a protein is NOT sent to an organelle and NOT placed in the plasma membrane it will be

what kind of DNA does the mitochondria have?

how do mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce?

small RNA molecules within the mitochondria

how does the mitochondria produce ATP?

what is the main job of chloroplasts?

where does the first part of photosynthesis occur?

where does the second part of photosynthesis occur?

filaments that connect, stabilize, and evenly disperse granum stacks

what kind of DNA do chloroplasts have?

ATP synthase is found in the _______ of the __________

what does the endosymbiotic theory suggest?

polymers of many small proteins that stretch into long tracks throughout the cell. they serve as part of a cells “skeleton” to prove structural support and rigidity

what kind of protein is a kinesin?

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

what kind of reaction converts ATP to ADP?

what kind of reaction converts ADP to ATP?

production of raw materials

a pathway that breaks down macromolecules into monomers

a pathway that puts monomers together to build macromolecules

what proteins are responsible for breaking and making molecules?

the process that makes energy by processing food

food + _____ = ATP

ATP is “made” by ______ in the _____.

T or F: aerobic doesn’t require O2

which form of cellular respiration is used by slow twitch fiber muscles?

what are the four stages of eukaryotic cellular respiration?

glycolysis is a process that breaks down a larger molecule into its smaller, individual components. This is a ____ pathway.

ATP synthase is taking ADP and creating ATP. ATP synthase is facilitating what kind of reaction?

where does glycolysis occur?

NAD+ is converted to NADH through what kind of reaction?

in glycolysis, ATP is created by a free enzyme called _____

where does pyruvate processing take place?

during pyruvate processing, one C is removed from pyruvate to make _____

where does the citric acid cycle take place?

where does the electron transport chain take place?

what molecules give up electrons to be passed through the ETC?

what is the final acceptor in the ETC?