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4-H Club
What organization formed from agricultural training
1876
Alexander G. Bell patented the 1st telephone
1879
Invention of the Light Bulb
1887
Interstate Commerce Act established the 1st regulatory agency
1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
Ulysses S. Grant
(1869-1877)
Rutherford B. Hayes
(1877-1881)
James Garfield
1881
Chester Arthur
(1881-1885)
Grover Cleveland
(1885-1889)
Benjamin Harrison
(1889-1893)
Grover Cleveland
(1893-1901)
William McKinley
(1897-1901)
Age of Industry
great age of free enterprise capitalism, major technological advancements, and industrial expansion
Mccormick Company
Began the production of the twine binder
Crop Rotation
Planting a different crop each year to avoid depleting soil
Luther Burbank
produced a thornless cactus and new variety of potato
Mark Carleton
greatly increased wheat production in the U.S.
George Washington Carver
best remembered for his work at Tuskegee institute research with the peanut
Peanut
What did Carver research
Department of Agriculture
Established by Congress to study agricultural trends and aid American farmers
Hatch Act
provided funds for agricultural colleges to establish experimental stations and research better farming methods
Smith-Lever Act
Established cooperative extension services and made county agents available
Alexander Graham Bell
patented his 1st telephone in 1876
Bell Telephone Company
began in 1877
Thomas Edison
Greatest inventor in history
Capitalism
“Free Enterprise System”; the ability to make your own economic choices
Incandescent lamp
What did Thomas Edison invent
Henry Bessemer (and William Kelly)
Created the Bessemer process to convert iron to steel (1860s)
Andrew Carnegie
An American entrepreneur; became the leading producer of steel in the world
Entrepreneur
A person who organizes and manages a business undertaking
JP Morgan
bought Carnegie’s company and formed the U.S. Steel Corporation
Edwin Drake
Drilled the U.S.’s 1st oil well in northwestern PA
John D. Rockefeller
owned the Standard Oil Company which controlled 90% of America’s oil production by 1900
Philip D. Armour
founder of a large meatpacking firm who contributed to church education insitutions
Henry C. Frick
donated millions to church organizations and education insitutions
New England
Known for textiles, shoes, and papers
Western Regions
Meatpacking and flour milling
New South
The South post Civil War; by 1920, the South produced more textiles than new England
Birmingham
Center of southern iron and steel; Pittsburgh of the South
Corperation
A business that has received a charter from the state government
Capital
money used for business operations to make more money
Stock
partial ownership in a corporation that is sold to earn capital
Stockholders
(those who purchase the stock) earn dividends (profit) on each share; they can also sell their stock as the value of a business increases
Proprietorship
a business owned by 1 person
Partnership
A business owned by 2 or more individuals
U.S. Steel Corporation
What did JP Morgan form
Standard Oil Company
What company did John D. Rockefeller own
1920
In what year did the South produce more textiles than New England
Pittsburgh of the South
What is Birmingham known as
dividends
What do Stockholders earn on each share
Trusts
severe similar business controlled by a board of trustees to eliminate competition (Standard Oil the 1st trust)
Monopolies
large business organizations that provide important commodities; they control a specific market of goods
Adam Smith
Scottish professor of philosophy
Oliver Hudson Kelly
founded the Grange; a pro-farming organization that influenced political decisions
Free-Silver Movement
wanted the government to purchase and coin all silver in America
Bland-Allison Act
provided for a limited amount of silver to be minted each month
James Garfield
assassinated a few months into his presidency
Chester Arthur
Garfield’s VP who finished his term
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
regulated trade on trains between the states; America’s 1st regulatory agency
Wealth of Nations
What did Adam Smith write
cooperatives
What did many Granges founded
Greenbacks
What did the government planned to remove from circulation
Inflation
What did the government wanted to prevent by removing greenbacks
The Populist Party
Formed during Harrison administration
Homestead Strike
Demonstration against Carnegie Steel for higher wages
Coxey’s Army
A group of unemployed men that marched to the capital in retaliation to the Panic of 1893
The Pullman Strike
Affected states and businesses across America that used railways
McKinley Tariff (1890)
Added a higher degree of protection to American industry than any tariff before this
Reciprocity Clause
reciprocal trade agreement with other nations
Pacific Garden Mission
Rescue mission for the outcastes of society
William Booth
founded the Salvation Army to provide for physical and spiritual needs
YWCA
Young Women’s Christian Association that branched from the YMCA
Dwight L. Moody
1 of America’s greatest urban evangelists
Ira Sankey
Song leader for D.L.M.
Moody Bible Institute
founded to provide young people with training for Christian service
G.T. DeWitt Talmage
Spoke to larger audiences than anyone in America until this time
Sam Jones
“The Moody of the South”
B.H. Carroll
An Interpretation of the English Bible
Sheldon Jackson
evangelist to remote places of America
Clara Barton
Founded “The American Red Cross”
Student Volunteer Movement
Sought the “evangelization of the world in this generation”
Sherman Anti-trust Act
What act did Congress pass in 1890 which broke up trusts and big businesses
injunction
What did President Cleveland issue to stop the strike
Salvation Army
What did William Booth founded
Mt. Hermon
Where was the Christian Conference that inspired the growth of foreign missions
1871
The Great Chicago Fire
1865-1901
The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age
Mark Twain’s name for the Age of Industry
William Speer
began a mission for the Chinese in San Francisco
Brooklyn Bridge
The largest suspension bridge in the world when it was completed (Brooklyn, NY)
John A. Roebling
chief engineer
Washington A Roebling
His son who completed the project after his death
Great Chicago Fire
destroyed Chicago because wood was the chief building material
Settlement Houses
Shelters for homeless and poor people
Hull House
1st settlement house created in Chicago
Wyoming
The 1st state to give suffrage to women (1890)
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton
led the suffrage movement
Elizabeth Blackwell
1st woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.
Christopher Sholes
perfected the typewriter