16.2 heat and thermodynamics

the transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter

The particles of a gas are more spread out and thus collide less often

within or between materials that are touching

materials that transfer heat well

False, they are good conductors

tile, because it is a better conductor than wood

materials that transfer heat poorly

the transfer of thermal energy when the particles of a fluid move

Ocean waves, weather systems, movement of hot rocks in the Earth’s interior

It is colder and therefor denser than the hot air so it sinks to the bottom

fluids circulating in a loop as it alternately heats up and cools down (think an oven)

Heat source at the bottom heats up some of the air that floats up and loses heat and comes back down and the cycle starts again

Transfer of heat waves through space

all objects radiate energy, and as an object’s temperature increases, the rate at which it radiates energy increases

The study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy

Energy is conserved (energy cannot be created or destroyed it only changes forms)

Thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work has been done on the system

Hotter objects to cooler objects

disorder and chaos (a shoe can untie itself but it can’t retie itself unless work has been done to it)

any device that converts heat into work

Thermal energy that is not converted into work

Absolute zero cannot be reached

Zero kelvin

When the engine’s environment reach absolute zero which would violate the third law of thermodynamics

With a greater difference between the high temperatures inside and the cold temperatures outside the engine