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Electricity is generated when theres a reversal in charge inside/outside the neurons axon. True or False?
True
During resting potential the inside the neurons cell membrane is more positive or negative?
Negative (All gates are closed, and because there are more positive Sodium/Na+ ions being outside of the membrane)
Action Potential
When the potassium channels close and sadium ions keep entering the cell
Depolarization
When the sodium channels open and the neuron becomes more positive
Repolarization
When the potassium channels close, the sodium channels open and the neuron becomes more negative
Hyperpolarization
When the voltage dips when the potassium channels stay open too long
How many sodium molecules does the sodium/potassium pump send in?
3
How many potassium molecules does the sodium/potassium pump send out?
2
Is the sodium/potassium pump active or passive transport?
Active
What are chemicals used to carry electrical impulses from neuron to neuron?
Neurotransmitters
Stages of action potential
Resting potential, Threshold potential, Depolarization, Repolarization, Hyperpolariation
Nerve cell
Neuron
The long single nerve-cell process that usually conducts impulses away form the cell is the ______
Axon
The branching processes that conduct impulses towards the cell body of a neuron are the _______
Dendrites
What is the order of the neuron pathway?
Sensory, Interneuron, Motor
An automatic response to to a stimulus (often not passing thru the brain) is a _____
Reflex
The insulating coat of a cell membrane (made of Schwann cells) that interrupted by nodes of Ranvier is _____
Mylein Sheath
What channel opens to cause an ion influx into the cell causing reverse charge and the start of action potential?
Sodium (Na+)
Which ions are involved in neuron action potential?
Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+)
Mylein sheath deteriorates causing signals to slow/stop
Multiple Sclerosis
Auto-immune disease that attacks the nervous system
ALS (Lou Gehrigs Disease)
Abnormal activity of neurons causing recurrent seizures
Epilepsy
Degenerative brain disorder that causes dementia
Alzheimer’s
The _______ is a membrane protein that requires ATP energy to restore the ion concentration back to the resting state of action potential.
Sodium/potassium pump
From an area of high to low concentration without energy is ______
Passive transport
From an area of low to high concentration requiring ATP energy is ______
Active transport
With the help of a protein is ______
Facilitated diffusion
Where small/uncharged particles use passive transport is _______
Diffusion
Send info from CNS to organs, glands, muscles
Motor neuron
Sends info to the CNS from neuron to organs/external stimuli
Sensory neuron
Communicated between motor and sensory neurons. Found in CNS.
Interneuron
Type of neuron that carries messages to CNS (sensory neurons)
Afferent
Type of neuron that carries messeges AWAY from the CNS (motor neurons)
Efferent
The reason that reflexes are quicker than volantsry actions is because the reflex arc doesn’t go through the ______
Brain
Gap between two neurons
Synapse
Neurotransmitter responsible for pleasure, motivation, mood
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter responsible for fight or flight, attention
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter responsible for sleep, mood, digestion
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction, learning, memory
Acetylcholine
Primary excitatory neurotransmitter (found in 90% of all synapses)
Glutamate
Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, normal brain function
GABA