ch 14!

genetics are the study of how __________ are transmitted from ________ to __________

the father of genetics is

what plant did mendel work with

only one allele for each trait of gamete is the law of

one sister chromatid cannot influence how others line up is the law of

the species of name of mendel’s garden peas is

flower color… either _ or _ *

flower position… either _ or _

pea color… either _ or _ ***

pea shape… either _ or _ ***

pod color… either _ or _

pod shape… either _ or _

height… either _ or _ ***

P generation is _______ ___________, f1 generation is the offspring of the __ generation, and the f2 generation is the offspring of the __ generation

why peas??? lots of ________, quick __________ time, and it’s rly easy to identify the ___________ ______, bc theyre all one or the other

an alternative form of a gene is a(n)

___________ allele: fully expressed in an organism’s appearance

__________ allele: no noticable effect on the organisms appearance, aka it is masked

red flowers are dominant to white, red crossed with white, the offspring are

an organism’s genetic makeup is a(n)

an organism’s traits/physical appearance as a result of its genotype is its

using R and r… homozygous dominant is __, homozygous recessive is __, and heterozygous is __ (make sure this one is right bc the grading system might not care ab capital letters!!)

a carrier is a _________ organism carrying the _____ of a disorder but the carrier is phenotypically _________

a cross between individuals involving one pair of contrasting traits

a diagram that predicts the genetic outcome of different types of crosses, probability of the outcome

a cross between individuals that involves TWO pairs of contrasting traits

difference between dominant and recessive alleles… the _________ allele “overrules” the _________ allele. to be expressed, the dominant trait only needs _ allele; however, for the recessive trait to be expressed, _ alleles are necessary

_________ dominance: when one allele has total dominance over the other, ___________ dominance: when the alleles fall somewhere in the middle of the spectrum of dominance

R is red, R’ is white, what color would an RR’ plant be?

an erminette chicken would be __

__________ is when 2 alleles both affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways

BB chicken crossed with WW chicken, for the F1 generation you get __% specked, then the F2 generation is a :: ratio of BB BW WW

remember erminette chickens (specked) and roan cows (pink) !

A blood is ______ or ___

B blood is _____ or ___

AB blood is

O blood is

__ blood is a universal acceptor

__ blood is a universal donor

Positive blood is Rh^Rh^ or Rh^Rh^ and negative blood is only Rh^Rh^

a property in which a gene has multiple phenotypic effects, such as how sickle cell anemia usually causes multiple symptoms

interaction of genes that are not alleles - the expression of one gene is affected by another gene at a different location

when a trait is controlled by 2 or more genes

for skin color, the more ________ alleles there are, the darker the skin

polygenic traits follow a _________ distribution/_____ shaped curve

a family tree describing the interrelationships of parents & children across generations

cycstic fibros (autosomal recessive/dominant or x lined)

tay-sachs disease (autosomal recessive/dominant or x linked)

sickle-cell anemia (autosomal something or x linked)

huntington’s disease (autosomal recessive/dominant or x linked)

phenylketonuria (PKU) (autosomal recessive/dominant or x linked)

hemophilia (autosomal recessive/dominant or x linked)

what genetic disorder: buildup of mucus in lung

what genetic disorder: lipids accumulate in the brain

what genetic disorder: wrong amino acid in hemoglobin protein, hemoglobin is in the wrong shape, clumps together

what genetic disorder: doesn’t show up until youre 30 or 40, involuntary movements, memory problems

what genetic disorder: cannot properly break down the amino acid phenylalanine → toxic levels in the blood causing improper development of the brain

what genetic disorder: blood can’t clot, more common in men, bleeding, pain in joints, etc

a procedure to test a fetus by extracting amniotic fluid from the uterus - checks for genetic disorders/chromosomal abnormalities

a prodecure in which a narrow tube is inserted into the uterus to take tissue from the placenta