AP Environmental Unit 5

Bycatch

Unintentional capture of non-target species during fishing operations.

Selective Cutting

The removal of only specific trees or groups from a forest land, maintains biodiversity since it allows older trees to be alive.

Strip Cutting

Narrow strips of forest are cut, protects soil and maintains ecosystem functions.

Clear Cutting

Complete removal of trees, regenerates trees.

Seed Cutting

Seeds or plants are cut to propagate growth and increase germination.

Organophosphates

Chemical compounds. Commonly used as as insecticides to control pests. Contaminate water sources.

Pyrethroids

Chemicals discovered in Chrysanthemum flowers. Used in agriculture as well for pest control. They could persist for a long time.

Carbamates

Group of chemical compounds that contain the carbamate functional group. Used in pesticides and can control weeds.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Organic chemical compounds used in agriculture, have been proven to be toxic since they cant degrade well.

One Ecosystem Service of a Wetland

Water storage basin

2nd Ecosystem Service of a Wetland

Decrease Flood Intensity

3rd Ecosystem Service of a Wetland

Filter nutrients improving water quality

Flood Irrigation

Water is flooded over fields to cover soil surface.

Trawling

Dragging a net through the water. They use non-selective nets and those are designed to catch a lot of species.

Alley Cropping

Involves growing crops between rows of trees or shrubs - intentionally places them close for soil fertility.

Tillage Farming

Soil is prepared for planting and growing crops through various mechanical operations. Manipulation of the soil to create a favorable environment for seed germination.

Crop Rotation

Different crops are grown in a specific order on the same piece of land, can aid in diversificaiton of soil and breaksing apart pest life cycles.

Bio Magnification

Pollutant/Chemical freqeuncy increases as it moves up the food chain. From plants to organisms higher in the food chain.

Prescribed Burning

Deliberate ignition of vegetation under controlled circumstances. They can control spread of fire and invasive species.

Let it Burn

Fire burns naturally, can help maintain ecosystem health.

Crown Fire

Rapid and intense, burns the crowns of trees.

Ground Fire

Burns in the organic soil layer, can smolder and be challenging to detect. They spread slowly.

Underground fire

Under the surface, affects groundwater sources and combusts materials underground.

Slash and Burn

Vegetation is cut down and burned before cultivation of crops. Can clear biodiversity and can also improve soil fertility.

Subsistence

Agriculture for personal, small.

Plantation

Plants are grown in large scale, for commerical