Chapter 12: Jeffersonian Revolution (1800–1820)

Critical Supreme Court decision established the principle of judicial review, stating that the Supreme Court has the right to review all federal laws and decisions and declare whether or not they are constitutional.

Massive land purchase from Emperor Napoleon of France that virtually doubled the size of the United States.

Expedition that discovered much about the western part of the North American continent and the economic possibilities there.

War between the British and the Americans over the British seizure of American ships, connections between the British and Native American tribes, and other tensions.

Plan proposed by Senator Henry Clay and others to make America economically independent by increasing industrial production in the United States and by the creation of a Second National Bank.

Political solution devised to keep the number of slave states and free states equal; Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state.

Thomas Jefferson elected president in “Revolution of 1800”

John Marshall named chief justice of the Supreme Court

Alien and Sedition Acts not renewed

Louisiana Purchase Marbury v. Madison established federal judicial review

Alexander Hamilton killed in duel with Aaron Burr

Thomas Jefferson reelected

Twelfth Amendment ratified

Beginning of Lewis and Clark expedition

Embargo Act greatly harms foreign trade

James Madison elected president

Further importation of slaves into the United States made illegal

Beginning of the War of 1812

British army sacks Washington

Treaty of Ghent formally ends the War of 1812

Native American removal from Southern territories begins in earnest

Hartford Convention (meeting of Federalists)

Victory of Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans

Henry Clay proposes the American System

James Monroe elected president

Era of Good Feelings

Missouri Compromise

He ran as the Federalist candidate for vice president of election of 1800

he was again the Republican candidate for president for election of 1800

He was the Republican running for the vice presidency in th election of 1800

In 1804, the ______ allowed Electoral College members to vote separately for the president and vice president during this political crisis.

The election of 1800 is often known as the _____.

Appointing someone to a political office in the last hours of their term.

Jefferson's secretary of state, refused to deliver Marbury's appointment letter. Marbury sued for his letter.

Marshall disliked Madison's action but ruled against Marbury, arguing that the ______ provision that allowed Marbury to sue was unconstitutional.

Jefferson funded the _____ to explore the newly acquired Louisiana.

A New England Federalist extremist group, denounced Jefferson's "decline in public virtue."

Senator Thomas Pickering of Massachusetts called the president a "___________."

In 1804, the Federalists nominated ______ to run against Jefferson, but he only won 14 electoral votes.

He realized he could no longer influence the Jefferson administration after his disloyalty during the 1800 electoral crisis.

Burr served as vice president and traveled west while under indictment for murder in New York and New Jersey. He plotted a Mexican uprising with the unscrupulous general __________ and others.

Jefferson wanted Burr convicted, but Chief Justice ________, who presided over the trial, was unconvinced.

Napoleon's Continental System banned ______.

In 1807, a British warship fired on the U.S.S. ______, forcing it to strike its colors before capturing four of its crew.

Jefferson convinced the Republican-controlled Congress to pass the _______, which banned American exports.

Madison supported the _______ Act, which allowed Americans to trade with all nations except Britain and France.

Henry Clay of Kentucky was one of the leaders of these “______.”

Tecumseh and the Prophet rallied ___________ against American settlement.

In 1811, Indiana Governor _______ led 1,000 men against Prophetstown, built by Tecumseh and his brother.

In 1813, William Henry Harrison defeated British and Native Americans at the _________ near Detroit after an American naval victory on Lake Erie.

__________'s Tennessee militia defeated the Creeks in a series of bloody battles.

"The _________" was inspired by a Baltimore retaliation.

In January 1815, he defeated a British army trying to seize New Orleans.

Napoleon's defeat ended the British blockade and impressment, and both sides were exhausted. The status quo ante ended the war in the _________.

In 1816, James Monroe was easily elected president and served two terms. 1816–1823 was the __________.

Slavery became a major political issue for the first time in 1819 when Missouri asked to enter the Union as a __________.

This barred slavery from the Northwest Territory.

His invention of the cotton gin had made cotton a lucrative cash crop.

The speaker of the house, resolved the issue in 1820 with the Missouri Compromise.