Unit 2

French colony in North America

French territory in the new world

Was French territory, became a port city for shipping materials to Europe

The French had control of both these water ways to benefit them in trade

small French population in a colonized area

French interests in America was based on establishing a fur trade (the beaver pelts)

Tried to save the Natives from getting involved in the fur trade (fur trade was destroying Natives culture)

War between British + French in North America. Resulted in French getting kicked out of North America

The French takes control of this area when they beat the Iroquois, British wants it for economic security

Fought with the British, won a battle

Had an alliance with the British in the French & Indian War

Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the war against the French

ran the Albany Congress and created the "join or die" to create more unity in the colonies, was a great leader for the American Revolution

slogan and propaganda created by Ben Franklin to help unit colonies in French Indian War

Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area

law forbidding colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. (Baptist, Methodist)

Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763.

colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country

search warrants the British used to enter homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies

an act passed by the British that allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists and the colonist had to provide food and supplies for them

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Questioned Parliament's authority over the colonies and laid the foundations for revolutionary claims

Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements.

Passed alongside the repeal of the Stamp Act, it reaffirmed Parliament's unqualified sovereignty over the North American colonies.

External, or indirect, levies on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea. Sparked another round of protests in the colonies.

Clash between unruly Bostonian protestors and locally stationed British redcoats, who fired on the jeering crowd, killing or wounding eleven citizens.

Local committees established to maintain colonial opposition to British policies through the exchange of letters and pamphlets.

Rowdy protest against the British East India Company's newly acquired monopoly on the tea trade. Colonists, disguised as Indians, dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor, prompting harsh sanctions from the British Parliament.

Series of punishments passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the Port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act.

Convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Delegates established Association, which called for a complete boycott of British goods.

The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. The colonies successfully defeated the British to retreat

The gunshot which nobody knows who shot; The first shot of the American War of Independence

Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed the colonial war effort.

Conciliatory measure adopted by the Continental Congress, professing American loyalty and seeking an end to the hostilities. King George rejected the petition and proclaimed the colonies in rebellion.

King of England during the Revolutionary War

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.

The Enlightenment ideas such as "natural rights", "life, liberty, and property", and "life liberty and the pursuit of happiness" and "inalienable rights"

Thomas Paine's pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution.

government by the people

Colonists who wanted independence from Britain, also called the Whigs

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence, also called the Tories

Army formed in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress and led by General George Washington

German troops hired by George III to aid in putting down the colonial insurrection. This hardened the resolve of American colonists, who resented the use of paid foreign fighters.

what the colonist used because they had no real training against the British military

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York, which helped secure French alliance for the Revolutionary cause.

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He surrendered and it ended the war with the British

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

Patriots raided loyalist property to gain supplies for the war, treaty of Paris ended the confiscation of loyalist properties

Loyalist who left the colonies and returned to the British

good imported by British were cut off so the colonies had to make their own

there was high inflation (money was worth nothing) and debt after the revolution

northwest ordinance -> no new slavery allowed in the north

Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women

territorial acquisitions as settlers began moving westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains

created the Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Weak federal gov and strong state gov with only 1 legislative branch

Created by the AoC and is one of the accomplishments because it provides common defense

under the AoC there was 1 vote per state and any amendments must be unanimous

Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories.

states controlled taxes so the federal gov had no money or control over each state

each state had a different currency, there was a tax for trading within states, federal government couldn't regulate taxes/trade with foreign countries

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.

the lawmaking branch of government

the branch of government that carries out laws (president)

Branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly.

"Father of the Constitution," proposed the Virginia Plan

based on population with a bicameral legislation (2 houses)

equal representation for each state with unicameral legislation (1 house)