BIO-112 Test 2

4 petals and 6 stamens - 4 tall 2 short

square stalks, opposite leaves

compound umbels, usually hollow flower stalks

banner wings, pea-like pods, often with pinnate leaves

flowers with parts in threes, sepals and petals usually identical

5 separate petals and a column of stamens

composite flowers in disk-like heads

2 cotyledon

4-5 flower petals

net like veins

3 pores in pollen

bundled vasculature

1 cotyledon

3 flower petals

parallel veins

1 pore in pollen

dispersed vasculature

can suck in a ton of carbon

dead and decaying plants

very tip of leaf

main vein of leaf

edge of leaf

entire leaf

attachment to stem

one leaf attached to stem of plant

several leaflets attached to single petiole

Alternate, opposite, and whorled

patterns of venison leaf

veins run parallel

veins branch out from midrib

veins branch out from midrib & branched veins have branches as well

Outer edge of leaf

If outer edge is smooth with no indentions or teeth

If the leaf has tiny sharp teeth

If margin has pronounced teeth that point outward

If leaf’s margin does not have teeth but tends to be wavy

if the teeth are rounded

shoots: leaves, flowers, stems

roots: support plant, form relationships with fungus, some store food (carrots, sweet potatoes, beets)

outer surface of the plant; covers and protects plants surfaces

tubing; xylem, phloem; accessory (moving water and food)

making up the bulk of the plant (where all the important stuff happens); makes up both roots and shoots

living, pliable cells that allow for photosynthesis (vacuole) lots of action. Storage, secretion, plant immune system. Soft

living/support (cellulose, lignen and pectin). Hard and ridged

dead/mechanical support. Second wall in woody plants (bark). Primary (cellulose), secondary (lignen).

This is the stalk of the flower.

It is that part of the flower to which the stalk is attached to. It is small and found at the centre of the base of the flower

These are the small, leaf-like parts growing at the base of the petals. They form the outermost whorl of the flower. Collectively, sepals are known as the calyx. The main function of the calyx and its sepals is to protect the flower before it blossoms(in the bud stage).

This layer lies just above the sepal layer. They are often bright in color as their main function is to attract pollinators such as insects, butterflies etc. to the flower. The petals are collectively known as the corolla.

These are the male parts of a flower. Many stamens are collectively known as the androecium. They are structurally divided into two parts:

the part that is long and slender and attached the anther to the flower.

It is the head of the stamen and is responsible for producing the pollen (the male gamete) which is transferred to the pistil or female parts of the same or another flower to bring about fertilization. The anther is the male reproductive organ.

This forms the female parts of a flower. A collection of pistils is called the gynoecium.

is a long slender stalk that holds the stigma. Once the pollen reaches the stigma, the style starts to become hollow and forms a tube called the pollen tube which takes the pollen to the ovaries to enable fertilization.

This is found at the tip of the style. It forms the head of the pistil. The stigma contains a sticky substance whose job is to catch pollen grains from different pollinators or those dispersed through the wind. They are responsible to begin the process of fertilization.

They form the base of the pistil. The ovary holds the ovules. This is the female reproductive organ.

These are the egg cells (female gametes) of a flower. They are contained in the ovary. In the event of a favorable pollination where a compatible pollen reaches the stigma and eventually reaches the ovary to fuse with the ovules, this fertilized product forms the fruit and the ovules become the seeds of the fruit.