Chapter 12

Self reliant independence

Explore the headwaters of Arkansas River and the Colorado wilderness

The American fur trappers and explorers who began to explore and move west

A temporary market where trappers met to trade and socialize

Fur trapper who helped guide the US Army during the war with Mexico

Explored more of the west than anyone else

Discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevada mountains

Magazine editor who came up with the term Manifest Destiny

The idea that the United States had the right and the obligation to expand its territory across North America to the Pacific Ocean

Opened a route Santa Fe Trail

A 900 mile trade route that began in Independence, Missouri and ended in Santa Fe Trail

A route that began in Santa Fe and led to the Pacific Coast

A trail beginning in Independence, Missouri and leading to the Oregon Territory

A trail that the Mormons follow to what became Salt Lake City, Utah

Leader of the Mormon church to lead his followers to the great salt lake

The high point in the Rocky Mountains that divides the watersheds of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

A large group of covered wagons that traveled together across the North American continent as American pioneers moved westward

When Texas was apart of Spanish Territory

Spanish word for military settlement

Spanish settlers and their descendants

Moved 300 American families to Texas

Mexican general who became president of Mexico

Beginning battle of the Texas War of Independence

A mission building where 180 Texans unsuccessfully attempted to hold off a larger Mexican force

A separate nation made by Texans

Led by Sam Houston, the Texans captured Santa Anna agreed to withdraw and surrender, giving the Texans independence

President of the Republic of Texas

Nickname of the republic of Texas

11th President of the United States, 1845–1849. A supporter of Texas joining the United States

Treaty that give Texas its independence

River that Texas and the US claimed the southern border of Texas

River that Mexico claimed the southern border of Texas

US Army general who was sent to secure the area of Texas between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande

US diplomats sent to Mexico to offer to buy California and agree to the Rio grande being the southern border of Texas for 25 million

War between the United States and Mexico 1846-1848

General who led his troops into Santa Fe, New Mexico. He captured the city without a fight.

The capital of the New Mexico territory

Mexican governor of the New Mexico territory

Town that the American settlers took over and declared independence from Mexico

Name given to the insurrection in California against Mexico

Leader of the Republic of California

General who led his troops into Mexico

Treaty that ended the war between the US and Mexico. In exchange for 15 million, Mexico agreed to set Texas border at Rio grande and give up Northern Territory

Called for slavery to be banned in any territory the US got from Mexico. This measure did not pass.

Line of latitude that the US and Great Britain agreed would be the northern border of the US in Oregon territory

An agreement between the US and Mexico. In exchange for 10 million, Mexico with sell land start the United States use for completion of the Southern portion of the transcontinental railroad.