physics midterm 2023

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms (ex: battery, food)

The TOTAL energy of motion in the particles of a substance

Energy carried by light

The energy an object has due to its motion

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only altered from one form to another

Potential energy that depends on the height of an object

Energy caused by the movement of electrons

The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed

The energy stored in the system due to the arrangement of particles that exert attractions on one another, increases when matter changes state of matter

The percentage of the input work that is converted to output work

A temperature scale with the freezing point of water 32 degrees and the boiling point of 212 degrees

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid, equal to melting point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid, equal to freezing point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

When some (not all) particles get enough energy to break free, liquid to gas

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1ºC

The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. It is the hypothetical temperature at which all molecular motion stops.

unit of energy, always capitalized

The rate of vibrations of a wave, measured in Hertz (Hz)

Amount of time for one cycle to be completed

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave

Act of back and forth motion, cycle/vibration

The interference that occurs when 2 waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude, occurs when waves are out of phase

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude, occurs when waves are in phase

The highest point of a transverse wave

tThe lowest point of a transverse wave

A repeating disturbance that transfers energy from place to place without transferring the medium

The part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart

The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together

a tone's experienced highness or lowness, depends on frequency

The maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium position

The wave is absorbed and disappears

Waves pass through a given medium

Occurs when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.

The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another

Frequency at which a standing wave occurs, natural/unforced resonance

Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz

The combination of two+ waves that results in a single wave for a period of time

A type of wave that does not require a medium to propagate

A wave that requires a medium to propagate

EM waves with the longest wavelengths, lowest frequencies, and lowest energy

Similar in size to an atom, used in telescopes and can be stopped by lead

Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths (0.01 nm)and highest frequencies

longer than X-Rays but shorter than visible light waves, can cause cancer (100-400 nm)

very short electromagnetic wave, .1 cm to 30 cm

Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye, 740 to 435 nanometers.

second on the electromagnetic spectrum going from lowest to highest frequency. can be felt as heat, 780nm - 1mm

Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, x-ray, gamma

The amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance from liquid to gas, Q = mL

The amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid, Q = mL

The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy

The process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity.

Specific heat capacity (J/kgºC)

Distance (m)

Energy (J)

Efficiency (%)

Frequency (Hz)

Gravitational acceleration (m/s)

Change in height (m)

Kinetic energy (J)

Wavelength (m)

Mass (kg)

Heat added or removed (J)

Velocity

Change in temp

Period (s)

change in temperature

Metric temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees

The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed

Potential energy that depends on the height of an object

A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal

A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles in an object

A nuclear reaction in which an atom emits an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This increases the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4.

Radioactive decay which occurs when a nucleus with too many protons or too many neutrons emits an electron in order to transform one of the protons or neutrons into each other

Radioactive decay in which an unstable nucleus emits a gamma photon in order to dissipate excess energy and stabilize the nucleus

One neutron is emitted from the nucleus

Pressure in gases or liquids has the potential to move objects due to the force it can exert