Studied by 0 peopleWhat were the Islamic states that rose after the Mongol (aka the Gunpowders states)
Ottoman
Safavid
mughal
What are some empires that rose after the Mongols.
Russia
Manchu/Qing Dynasty
Songhai
Timurid dynasty was founded by _____ in the _____
Timur (Tamerlane); 14th century
The Timurid dynasty spanned
Central Asia and the Middle East
The Timurid dynasty developed
centralized empire administration, strong military, and cultual renaissance.
The Ottoman dynasty lasted from
1299- 1453
The Ottoman empire began with _____ ______ ______ and the conquest of
Sultan Mehmed the second; Constantinople
When did the ottomans conquer Constantinople?
1453
When did the Ottomans become a "Gunpowder state"
1453
Mehmen the second strengthens the Ottoman navy and took advantage of
employing artillery
Why did the Byzantine Empire end
Because it was captured by the Ottomans
What were the two most extensive reasons behind the Ottomans expansion and conquest
Mobility and Firepower
Why are the Topcu Ocagi and the Baslica Cannon significant developments in the Ottoman expansion
Because this allowed them to conquer other empires
Which contients does the Ottoman empire span across by the end of Sulieman the firsts reigin in 1566
Europe, Africa, and Asia
Suleiman the Magnificent reigened from
1520-1566
Silimen led the Ottoman empire into a
Golden Age
Why was the SiIlmen empire known as the Golden Age
territorial expansion, military campaigns, and economic growth
Suleiman's ottoman formed alliances with
Europe
The decline of Timurid left the place
politically fragmented
Ismali becomes the Shah of Islam at the age of
14
Ismail was a descendant of a sufi leader, which caused the Safavid empire to be rooted in
Sufism
Abbas the great ruled the Safavid empire from
1588-1629
Abbas the great's reign also marked a
Golden age
Abbas encouraged ______ and ______
trade and commerce
Abbas supported
architecture, calligraphy, and literature
When was the Ottoman Safavid war?
1623-1639
What were some causes behind the Ottoman-Safavid War
Political:
border disputes, particularly Iraq and Caucasus,
Past Wars and territorial losses
comeption for regional dominace
Religous:
Ottoman was predominalty Sunni, while Safavid followed Shia Islam
Safavids active promotion of Shia Islam + Conversion effots in majority Sunni communities
Babur was a descendant of who?
Ghengas Khan on his Mothers side
Timur on his Fathers side
Babur was founder of the ________ dynasty.
Mughal
Babur ruled the Kingdom of
Fergana
Babur defeated the Delhi Sultante at the _____ _____ ___________ in ____
Battle of Panipat; 1526
Akbar was the grandson of
Babur
What were the years of Akbar's reign
1556-1605
Mughal empire expierenced a _______ ___ under Akbar
Golden Age
Aruangzeb reigned from
1658- 1707
War elephants and cannons were used under the rule of
Aurangzeb
When was the Mughal-Safavid war
1649-1653
Explain the causes behind the Mughal-Safivid war
Political: Shah Jahn of the Mughals wanted to explore into Safavid territory to secure trade routes
Religious: the Mughals followed Sunni Islam, while the Safavid followed the Shia Islam
Yuan Dynasty time period
1271-1368
Ming Dynasty Time Period
1368-1644
Qing Dynasty Time Period
1644-1911
Prince Dorgan of the Mancus led invasions against the
Ming Dynasty
Emperor Kangxi ruled from
1661-1722
Emperor Qianlong ruled from
1736-1796
Emperor Kanji expanded territory into
Titan, Mongolia, and Tibet
Emperor Qianlong expanded into
central asia (but failed to expand into burma and vietnam)
What were the four methods that rulers used
Use bureaucratic elites and military professionals
Put religion on your side
Monumental architecture (the bigger the better)
Develop a decent tax collection
Burecratic Elites
a governing class operating under a hierachical structure that helps organize and control states
Military professionals
elite forces that usually serve very close to the ruler and help maintain control and stability
Divine right of Kings
when rulers cliam that their authority is derived from God
Unifies diverse populations
a state religon which openly practiced by a ruler, creates a sense of greater unfication.
Why did monumental architecture legitimize a ruler's authority?
the buildings were grand- they had no purpose
they showcase the rulers power and wealth
What was the order of the bureaucratic elites in the Ottoman Empire?
Sultan, Grand Vizier, Vizier, Pashas
What was the role of the Sultan in the Ottoman Empire
Absolute Ruler
What was the role of the Grand Vizier in the Ottoman Empire
Chief Adviser
What was the role of the Vizier in the Ottoman Empire
Officials under the Grand Vizier
What was the role of the Pashas in the Ottoman Empire
Reginal Governors
the elite enderun school recruited students via
Devisirme
Devisirme
the islamization of enslaved Christian Children
Janissaries
an elite miltary force recruited from the Devisirme
Janissaries were forbiden to
engage in pursuits outside of the Janissary duties
Janissaries served as
bodygaurds to the Sultan
policemen
palace gaurds
firefighers
Janissaries were the first real military corps to use
firearms
Jizya is a tax on
non-muslims
Devsirme's role is taxes
Children could be traded instead of money
What does Daimyo mean?
large land owner
What was the role of the emperor during the Sengoku period
sympolic figurehead
confined to the imperial palace
What was the role of the Shogun during the Sengoku period
maintaining order
controlling Samuri class
overseeing the daimyos
Despite the emperor holding hier rank during the Sengoko period, who held more power
shoguns and daimyos
The Sengoku's were introduced to guns via
Portuguese in 1543
Azuchi Castle was built in ____ by ____ _______
1579; Oda Nobunga
Who were the unifiers of Japan?
Oda Nobunaga
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Shogunate was appointed shogun in
1603
Tokugawa Shogunate standardized
currency
Tokugawa Shogunate restricted the activites of ___________ ________ to maintain social order
Samurai Class
What was the role of Zamindars in the Mughal Empire
they collected taxes
Describe the Aztec system for receiving payments
rulers forced tribute payments by thread of war
payments were made in form by luxury goods
In what formets did the Ming collect taxes
hard currency as a portion of agricultral output
salt
What does the word samurai mean
warrior or knight
Where did Zen Buddhism come from and why did it appeal to the Samurai
It came from India
Its simple rituals, along wit beliefs that salvation comes from within. This provided a background for the Sanurais code of behavior.
What changes occurred under the leadership of Tokugawa leasu in 1615 CE
The Tougaya army destorys the Totomi Strongold and Osaka. This brough 250 years of peace.
How did the roles of the Samurai change as a result of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
The importance of Martial arts declines, and many samuris became bureaucrats, teachers, or artists.
Why did the role of the Samurai change?
As modern militaris emerged in teh 19th century they very expensive to maintain comapred to the average soilder.
When was Japanese feudalism abolished
1871
Christianty originated in the
1st century
The church began to rival state governments in the
13th century
Feudalism began its decline in the
13th century
The plauge peaked in
1351
The western schism in 1378 resulted in
two popes in France and Rome
The _____ _____ _____ was Europes first major unifying power
Roman Catholic Church
The Church was a well- orginzed system of
communication and bureacracy
The Grat Schism of 1054 split the church into what two branches?
Eastern Orthidix
Roman Cathloic
What was the major result in of the western schisim in 1378
tow opposint popes which slip europes alliance.
Conciliarism
a movement to reform the Church by stating power resided in an eamencial council of bishops and other church ahtorities which eroded the power of Europe
What did humanist scholars begin to scrutinize
Church doctrines, challenging some of the traditonal beliefts + practices
Who was Dutch Christian
a catholic priest and humanist scholar
Duch Christian translated __ _____ __________ which made it
The New Testament; accessible to more people
Dutch Christian critized
corruption within the Roman Cathlic Church
Indulgences
a remission or reduction of the temporal punishment that a perosn might face for their sins. These could be purchased and this lead to criticisms of corruption.
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