APUSH Period 3 REVIEW

The war began as a dispute over North American land claims around Pittsburgh between France and Great Britain. The war was won by the British.

Ended the French and Indian war and effectively kicked the French out of North America. French gives Louisiana to Spain.

This prevented colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British ministry hoped to avoid costly wars and protect the fur trade. They also moved British troops to guard the frontier, and made the colonists pay for them. The Americans thought after the war they could have new settlements, but this wasn’t true.

Targeted towards merchants. It was intended to end the smuggling of Molasses to New England.

The act required that many documents be printed on paper that had been stamped to show the duty had been paid. This was a direct tax imposed by the British Governments. The Act affected numerous groups throughout colonial society. This led to riots, boycotts, and protest.

Also known as the Continental Congress of 1765. They called for a boycott of British imports. 27 delegates from 9 states, whose mandate was to petition the king and Parliament for repeal of the Stamp tax without deepening the crisis. relatively loyal to Britain.

Imperial troops remained in the colonies to enforce the new rules. Made colonists responsible for feeding and housing soldiers.

A period when Britain relaxed strict regulations (particularly trade) imposed on the colonies. It gave colonists the sense that they were managing their affairs without much involvement from Parliament.

Stamp Act was repealed, but Britain could now tax and make laws in all cases.

Passed by Parliament, put a tax on glass, lead, paper, and tea. Caused protests from colonists who found ways around the taxes, such as buying smuggled goods. Due to it’s little profits, the Acts were repealed in 1770.

An American mob began harassing a group of stationed soldiers in Boston. The first shot was fired which caused British troops to kill 4 colonists. To the colonists, this was a sign of British tyranny.

Law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell it’s mass amounts of tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to Boston Tea Party. Gave a monopoly on tea.

Relatively peaceful protest against British taxes, in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into the Boston Harbor. There was a mixed colonial reaction.

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make MA pay for it’s resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the MA colonists paid for the ruined tea. Forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers.

12 of the 13 colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to ask Great Britain to repeal harsh taxes. They believed in Natural Rights and social contract.

Enables the various branches to check and balance the power of others.

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation.

British defeat

British victory but they suffered many casualties.

Approved the creation of a Continental Army and the Declaration of Independence.

Issued by the 2nd Continental Congress, explained why the colonies wanted Independence from Britain. Filled with Enlightenment Ideals.

American Colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed war for independence.

The official army of the colonies. Created by the 2nd Continental Congress and led by George Washington. Consisted of poor farmers, drunks, and immigrants.

War fought between the colonies and England. 13 colonies soon allied with European Powers. America won the war and gained independence.

Turning point of the American Revolution. Convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and most importantly showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.

Last major land battle of the war, as the surrender of Cornwallis’ army prompted the British government to negotiate an end to conflict.

U.S. recognized as independent.

Weak central government. Unanimous consent is needed for amendments. All power was put into the legislative body, no power to tax and regulate trade, led to economic depression.

Angered by taxes and debts. Daniel Shay led a rebellion against the American Gov.t (showed how the Articles of Confederation were weak), people didn’t have a commercial bank and had to borrow from each other; caused debt. The cause was to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who couldn’t pay taxes. Was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes they had worked for in the Revolutionary War.

The meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles Of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the U.S. Constitution.

Wanted a strong central government. Supporters of the constitution during the ratification debates in state legislatures.

Liked individual states having power. Opposed Constitution.

Representation by population. Favored by big states. By James Madison.

Equal representation regardless of population. Favored small states.

Legislative branch split into 2 houses (bicameral Congress). The House of Representatives is represented by population. In the Senate states have equal votes, 2 votes per state.

Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.

Provided for a more robust central government. Split government into 3 branches, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

A series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison and Jay (using the name Publius) published in NY newspapers and used to convince readers to adopt the new Constitution.

The first ten amendments to the constitution. Anti-federalists wanted it.

Expectation that women would instill Republican value in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women.

Document that says that Congress has the right to make any law that is necessary and proper in order to carry out it’s other responsibilities.

Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October 1794, the army, led by Washington, shut down the rebellion. This incident showed that the new government under the constitution could react quickly to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay’s Rebellion.

Apart of the Townshend Acts, a legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled.

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed the national bank.

French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats.

Passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams; increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, empowered government to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, and made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or it’s officials.

Written by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. They declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. (Democratic-Republicans)

Regulated the relationships among settlers and Indians and made provisions for fair dealings.

Decided where the border was between the U.S. and Spain. 31st Parallel.