Studied by 2 people1st amendment
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers
4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
5th Amendment
The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process
6th Amendment
The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person
7th Amendment
Right to jury in civil trials.
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
9th Amendment
Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution
10th Amendment
Powers not given to federal government go to people and States
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
Three branches of government
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
which branch does law enforcement fall under
executive
what branch can add or modify a law
legislative
what branch keeps the other branches in check
legislative
highest level of authority in criminal law
The supreme court
Miranda vs. Arizona
right to remain silent during questioning and custody (5th amendment)
Gideon vs Wainright
Everyone has the right to an attorney (6th amendment)
Terry vs Ohio
stop and frisk for weapons ONLY. reasonable suspicion needed!
roe vs. wade
abortion case
Chimes vs California
warrantless search incident turned to arrest is ok
Tennessee vs garner
deadly physical force is only justified when met with deadly physical force
Roper vs. Simmons
if under 18 or 18 you cannot receive the death penalty
Marbury vs. Madison
1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review
Atkins vs virginia
cannot execute the mentaly disabled
Connor VS graham
A claim of excessive force by law enforcement during an arrest, stop, or other seizure of an individual is subject to the objective reasonableness standard of the Fourth Amendment
Furman vs. Georgia
Suspended death penalty. Georgia death penalty was a cruel and unusual punishment
consensual searches must be..
voluntary!
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA studies _____ in the body
Molecules
toxicology is the study of
poisons
first officer to arrive at a crime scene must first
first aid, survey, preserve, and secure
first actions preformed upon arrival at a crime scene by a patrol officer is called
preliminary investigation
crime scene investigators first responsibility is to
identify, collect and preserve evidence
evidence should be
documented, tagged, and stored individually
detailed search of a crime scene in a large area is called a
systematic/grid search
rough sketches are labeled _______
not drawn to scale
peices of evidence are identified using
numerical markers
bloody evidence is always packaged in
a paper bag
crime scene photograph sequence:
overall/general, medium, close up
witnesses should be kept _____ at a crime scene
apart
most common fingerprint class/type
Loops
latent means
Hidden
most common method of collecting a print at the scene is
Dusting
ridgeology is
the study of ridge structures of fingerprints
friction ridges are
tiny ridges of skin on the fingerprint
latent fingerprints can be lifted by
ninhydrin, iodine, or dusting
search warrant is invalid if not signed by
A judge
proof needed for a search or arrest warrant is
Probable cause
the standard of proof needed to make an arrest
probable cause
proof needed to find a defendant guilty in a criminal trial
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
corpus delicti
foundation of all elements of the crime including the location where it happend
what court can review the decisions of lower courts
Appellate
prosecution must prove
beyond a reasonable doubt
who interperpates the law to the jury
The judge
nolo contendre
"no contest"- cannot be used as evidence in a civil trial
bail was established to
ensure the defendant returns to court
plea bargin
negotiating an agreement in criminal court
who can appeal a decision by the jury
the defense
too much public knowledge of a trial may result in
a trial being moved to a separate state or location
the moving of a trials location to prevent public interference is called
change of venue
hearsay
third party information
is hearsay admissible in court?
no
mens rea
"intent" (intended to, mental capacity to)
Actus Reus
"guilty" or bad act
necessary elements of a crime are known as
corpus delicti
Corpus Delecti =
mens rea + actus reus
penology
the study of punishment
act committed by a juvenile that is considered a crime by an adult is called
juvenile delinquency
juvenile courts are known as
non-adversarial (not designed to punish)
Adjudication
decision by a judge that a child has committed delinquent acts
subpoena
document ordering a person to testify as a wittness in court
warrant
document from a court telling an officer to conduct a search or make an arrest
tort
civil or personal wrong
stare decisis
Let the decision stand; decisions are based on precedents from previous cases
precedents are based on what type of law
case law
a crime punishable for at least 1 year
Felony
a crime punishable for 15 days to 1 year maximum
misdemeanor
crime must contain a ____ and specific ____
criminal act and specific mental state
curtilage
the area adjacent to a persons house
criminology
study of the nature, extent, and control of criminal behavior
incarceration
confinement in jail or prision
who is the father of probation
John Augustus
shock incarceration is designed for
young first time offenders
two largest prison systems
Pennsylvania and auburn
super max prisions
highest security prisons
recidivism
the act of repeating an offense and repeatedly going back to jail
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
NCIC
National Crime Information Center
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
UCR
Uniform Crime Reporting system
AFIS
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
NDIS
National DNA Index System
IAB
Internal Affairs Bureau
organization responsible for protecting our borders
homeland security
hazard sign on tractor trailer is called a
plaque
Terry Stop
stop to search for weapons
SWAT
Special Weapons and Tactics
what should you be mindful of when arresting or talking to members of the public
Culture
civil trial needs what percentage of preponderance
51%
Note
Flashcard