AP Gov U3 Vocab

fundamental rights and freedoms protected from infringement by the government

protections from discrimination as a member of a particular group

a list of fundamental rights and freedoms that individuals possess

• first 10 amendments

no STATE can deny a person “ life, liberty, or property without due process of law”

The federal governments ability to prevent States from enacting laws that violate constitutional rights

protection against the government requiring citizens to join or support a religion

protection of the rights of individuals to exercise and express their religious beliefs

a fundamental right affirmed in the First Amendment to speak, publish, and protest

legal standard that speech posing an immediate and serious threat to national security is not protected by the First Amendment

the suppression of material prior to publication on the grounds that it might endanger national security

protected expression in the form of images, signs, and other symbols

an untrue written statement that injures a person’s reputation

an untrue spoken expression that injures a person’s reputation

laws criminalizing conduct that was legal at the time it occured

a law passed by Congress punishing an individual without a trial

a document setting out reasons for an arrest or detention

protects an individual acquitted of a crime from being charged with the same crime again in the same jurisdiction

the right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. These rights must be given by police to individuals suspected of criminal activity

protections for individuals from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, sex, and other characteristics, ensuring equal treatment under the law

prohibited slavery

• granted citizenship to persons born in the united states

• Due process clause

• equal protection clause

has been used to protect civil rights of Americans from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, gender, and other characteristics

granted the right to vote to male African Americans

• The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow laws.

• Homer Plessy was seven-eighths Caucasian.

• Arrested and fined for violating a state law requiring separate railroad cars for whites and African Americans.

• The court ruled the law did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

• Facilities could be separate as long as they were equal.

• Separate but equal remained constitutional for the next 60 years.

separation by law of individuals based on race

By law Segregation

separation of individuals based on characteristics that arise not by law but because of other factors, such as residential housing patterns

a policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing special consideration to individuals based upon their characteristics, such as race or gender

legislation outlawing racial Segregation in public places and authorized attorney general to sue individual school districts that fail to desegregate

legislation outlawing literacy tests and authorizing the Justice department to send federal officers to register voters in areas with a history of voter discrimination

granted the right to vote to women

legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid