AP Human Geography Unit 2

The total number of people per unit area of land

• provides average density with no information about distribution patterns

The total number of people per unit of arable land

• helps understand the capacity of land to support the population

• Ties to carrying capacity

Land that can be used to grow crops

The number of people that a region can support without environmental degradation

The total number of farmers per unit of arable land

• reveals information about the amount of subsistence agriculture

• Gives insights to country’s wealth

Shows age and gender distribution within a country

• typical shapes include: expansive/growing, stationary/stable, and constrictive/declining

Population pyramid when the population is consistently expanding

Population pyramid where the population is not increasing or decreasing by a significant rate

population pyramid where there are significantly more elders than there are people being born (and is shrinking or soon to shrink)

The number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group time 100

• top of population pyramid plus bottom of the population pyramid

The number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

The average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years

The number of deaths in a given population per year per 1,000 people

Unclean water, poor health care, elderly population, natural disaster, disease, war, etc

The number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births

• often considered a better indicator of health/healthcare than CDR

The average number of years a person is expected to live

The level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next

• TFR = 2.1 in developed countries

A condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a specified population neither grows or declines

• the number of births plus in-migrants equals the number of deaths plus out-migrants

The amount of time it takes for the population to double

• number is based on the annual increase in population as a percentage of the original population

The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year

• can be used to calculate growth

future population = current population + (births-deaths) + (immigration-emigration)

How the crude birth rate and crude death rate as well as the rate of natural increase changes over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization

Stabilized population, high birth and death rates

Population explosion, high birth rate, decreasing death rate

Decreasing growth, rapidly declining birth rate

Low birth and death rates, low growth population

Death rates outpacing birth rates, declining total population

The theory that the world population would exceed the carrying capacity and result in mass starvation

States that as the population grows so will agriculture outputs, resulting in:

• increased economic growth

• Improved quality of life

• Increased innovation

• Greater social and economic equality

• Environmental conservation

The practice of using natural resources responsibly, so they can support both present and future generations

Maintains that population growth is the cause of rather than the result of agricultural change and that the principal change is the intensification of land use

When the projection population show exponential growth

Traces cyclical movements upwards and downwards in a graph

Policies intend to discourage population growth

• eg. China’s one child policy

Policies intended to encourage population growth

A permanent move

Improved economical, social, political, and environmental situations

Someone leaving their country

Someone arriving in a new country

Based on the idea that people move from areas where push factors outnumber pull factors to areas where the opposite is true

Negative aspects of an area

Positive aspects of an area

A feature that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than his original one

An object that interferes with how human

• majority of migrants don’t move far from their homes

• Migration proceeds in steps - as one leaves, another enters

• Migrants who choose to move far go to cities with more opportunities for jobs

• Every migration generates a counter migration or return

• People from rural areas are more likely to migrate than people from urban areas

• Young adults are more likely than families to migrate internationally

• The majority of migrants are adults

• Cities tend to grow by migration and not by natural increase rate

• Men are more likely to travel long distances

• Those men are more likely to travel by themselves and not with their families

• Most people migrate for better economic activities

People make the choice to move to a new place

People are compelled to move

• Eg. Transatlantic slave trade

People migrating to a different country

People who migrate within a country

Describes how the strength of a relationship between people, places, or systems decreases as the separation between them increase

The total number of moves made during a given migration interval that have a common area of origin and a common area of destination

The hypothetical connection between two places, through which people may or may not migrate

Temporary laborers in another country

• may engage in circular migration

• Often sends remittances to their families

People who are forced to leave their country for fear of persecution or death

• have the right to request asylum or protection in another country

People who have fled their homes but remain within the borders of their country

• generally move because of political or environmental causes

People taken through abduction, fraud, or coercion

• often illegally sold

Money earned by an emigrant abroad sent back to the home country

A situation in which migrants from a particular place follow other migrants to a particular location

a high concentration of an ethnic group within a geographic space

Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territories

During the 16th-19th centuries millions of Western and Central Africans were captured and sent to the Americas

1850s-1950s when large numbers of Chinese workers left China in search of jobs in Southeast Asia

• 1950s-1980s wars, starvation, etc. caused the destination of Chinese diaspora to more industrialized areas (North America, Europe, Japan, Australia, etc.)

After the Mexican Revolution of 1910, many Mexicans migrated to the US looking for economic opportunities and political stability

Gradual migration from farm to village to town to big city

The temporary and usually repetitive movement of a migrant worker between home and host areas, typically for the purpose of employment

Legal process of becoming a citizen