Studied by 11 peoplegunpowder empire common characteristics
1) land based
2) expanding geographically bc of gunpowder
ottoman empire
Islamic gunpowder empire
how did ottoman empire grow
1) control of the dardanelles (body of water, used for military reasons)
2) gunpowder weapons!
safavid empire
gunpowder empire growing under ismail
safavid empire type of Muslim
shia (Mughal + ottoman were nottt fw it)
who did Mughal empire replace under rule of Babur
delhi sultanate
babur grandson, helped expand Mughal empire
akbar
religious tolerant Mughal leader
akbar! made them rich too
ming dynasty ethnicity
han
qing dynasty
gunpowder empire established by Manchu (NOT ETHNICALLY HAN!!!)
safavid-mughal conflict
safavid shia VS Mughal sunni, both thought were rightful owners of previous Muslim territories
songhai-morrocan conflict
morrocan wanted songhai’s trade saharan route (took using GUNPOWDER!!!)
how did empires legitimize and consolidate their power
1) large imperial bureaucracies
2) military expansion (elite military professionals)
3) religion, art, architecture
ottoman empire devshirme system
bureaucracy staffed with highly trained, typically enslaved people
who did ottomans enslave
christian boys
janissaries
elite soldiers (enslaved christians)
how did European monarchs claim to rule
by divine right
how did qing use art to legitimize power
emperor kanghxi made imperial portraits of him displaying Confucian values, convincing ppl he is alpha
how did Louis the fourteenth legitimize power
palace of versailles
inca sun temple served as
legitimizing power
zamindar system
mughal taxation system making zamindars collect taxes
tax farming
ottoman taxation system giving highest bidder opportunity to collect taxes from whoever
branches of christianity
eastern orthodox & Roman catholic
indulgences
sold by Catholic church to “forgive sins”
simony
putting high church positions up for sale
martin luther
catholic Monk calling church out on their nonsense, made 95 Theses
protestant reformation
split in church caused by martin luther
how did Martin luther’s ideas spread
printing press
counter reformation
catholic church setting up council of Trent, getting rid of injustices
council of trent
finalized protestant-catholic split
why did shia/sunni split intensify
political tensions between ottoman and safavid
sikhism
islam + Hindu blend (scrapped caste system + gender hierarchies)
Note
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