AP European History: Unit 2 - Reformation

He was a major figure in the Swiss Reformation, advocating for the authority of scripture and the rejection of religious practices not supported by the Bible. His preaching and teachings helped spread Reformation ideas beyond Switzerland and influenced the development of Protestantism throughout Europe.

If it's not in the bible, don't believe it

Philip I of Hesse wanted to unite Protestants and arranged a meeting between Luther and Zwingli hoping they could unite on theology (religion). Unfortunately, it did not happen as they disagreed over the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist.

Transubstantiation - Catholics

Consubstantiation - Lutherans

Symbolic only - Zwingli

He was a famous French theologian and a major leader of the Protestant Reformation. He helped popularize the belief in the sovereignty of God in all areas of life, as well as the doctrine of predestination.

predestination - Doctrine espoused by John Calvin that God has _____ _____ ___ _________ __ ____ both whom he would admit to salvation and whom he would condemn to destruction.

In 1514, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland asked Calvin to transform their city into a _____ ________ _________.

Calvin and his followers _________ ___ _______ of life in Geneva. They suppressed frivolous activities such as playing cards, dancing, and attending the theater. At the same time, they strictly enforced a high standard of mortality that included regular church attendance.

He was a devout Catholic who detested Luther. He wrote a pamphlet calling Luther "a great limb of the Devil." Impressed by his loyalty, the pope gave him a special title, "Defender of Faith."

Thwarted by the pope, Henry turned to a _______ solution to solve his marriage problem.

In 1533, Henry ______ the pope and married Anne Boleyn.

The following year, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy. This landmark act declared the English king to be the "Protector and ____ _______ ____ of the Church and Clergy of England."

He was Henry VIII's closest advisor, however, he refused to recognize both the Act of Supremacy & Act of Succession. He was summarily beheaded.

He was Henry's son with third wife Jane Seymour. He ultimately makes the Church purely protestant and establishes the Act of Uniformity where all churches uniform, abolishes all idols (saints) and altars.

She was the first-ever Queen of England to rule in her own right, her primary goal was to re-establish Catholicism as the sole religion in England. To her critics, she has long been known only as "Bloody Mary." This unfortunate nickname was thanks to her persecution of Protestant heretics, whom she burned at the stake in the hundreds. She restored papal supremacy in England, abandoned the title of Supreme Head of the Church, reintroduced Roman Catholic bishops, and began the slow reintroduction of monastic orders.

Anabaptists, or rebaptizers, opposed ______ _______, insisting that only adult baptism conformed to Scripture.

Anabaptists advocated complete __________ of church and state.

The Anabaptists argued that government officials should not have the _________ __ ________ a citizen's church affiliation or a church's theology.

Anti-trinity (father, god, ____ ______)

Antitrinitarians - Believed Jesus not "______"

the Catholic Church fights back

He was an unknown Spanish soldier who suffered a severe injury while fighting the French.

During his recovery, Ignatius experienced a religious conversion. He resolved to become a _______ __ ______ and dedicate his life to fighting for the pope and the Catholic Church.

In 1540, Pope Paul III formally authorized the Society of Jesus. Those who joined were called _______.

Led by Ignatius, the Jesuits were a ________ ____ that emphasized iron discipline and absolute obedience.

List of books once forbidden by Roman Catholic Church authority as dangerous to the faith or morals of Roman Catholics.

_______ __ _____ was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation

The Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic doctrines, ______ church abuses, reasserted traditional practices, and resisted limiting papal authority.

The Council decreed that indulgences should __ ______ __ ____ in exchange for financial contributions.

The Council _______ simony, the sale of church offices.

The Council ________ bishops to live in the dioceses they served.

Began the discussion of __________, but only debated.