Genetics and Meiosis Assessment

a form of a gene (eye color gene)

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein that determines a trait

the trait that is always exhibited when the allele is present (brown eyes)

the trait that is only exhibited when the dominant trait is not present (blue eyes)

a cell with one copy of each chromosome (represented with n)

a cell with two copies of the chromosome (represented with 2n)

a reproductive cell (sperm and egg cell)

diploid cell created when a sperm and egg combine, blueprint for a new organism

maternal and paternal copy of the same chromosome, only in dipoid cells

identical copies of the same chromosome in duplicated chromosomes

the set of genes for a trait (HH, Hh, hh)

the physical features/what you see

2 of the same allele, dominant HH, recessive hh

2 different alleles, Hh

bred from parents of the same breed or variety

bred from parents from different breeds or variety

homozygous phenotypes stay the same, heterozygous changes, heterozygous phenotype is a BLEND of the two homozygous phenotypes, example red flower, white flower, makes pink flower (showed with two capital letters SS, SC, CC)

simple punnet squares, dominance vs. recessive, AA, Aa, aa

homozygous phenotypes stay the same, heterozygous changes, example: blue fish, red fish, makes blue and red spotted fish (showed with the gene as the capital letter, and the allele as the subscript)

genes that DO depend on sex, they ARE found on the X or Y chromosome, female XX, male XY, most sex-linked traits are found on the X chromosome

regular four squares

when there are pure bread parents only one trait will appear (dominant trait)

the gamete has one copy of each allele (one of each trait)

alleles separate into their gametes randomly (just because you get one trait from your mom doesn’t mean you’ll get all her traits)

traits controlled by multiple genes, examples: height, skin color

there are more than two possible variations of a gene that can be inherited by an individual, example: the ABO blood group system in humans is determined by three alleles: A, B, and O

a family tree that shows genetics

creates haploid gamete cells, the gametes combine during fertilization, only in sexual reproduction

trisomy in chromosome 21, mid to low iq, shorter, flattened face, smaller hands

extra X chromosome in males (XXY), harder to spot in kids, traits: not as much body hair, unable to have kids

trisomy in the X chromosome (XXX), hard to spot, traits: being taller than average, seizures, behavior issues, learning disabilities

meiosis 1

meiosis 2