ap psychology ch 3 vocab

the process by which children learn the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations required of them by their society or culture

in primates, the innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; it is the basis of the infant's first attachment

the distress that most children develop, at about 6 to 8 months of age, when the primary caregivers temporarily leave them with other

a child's first word combinations, which omit (as a telegram did) unnecessary words

according to many psychologists, an innate mental module that allows young children to develop language if they are exposed to an adequate sampling of conversation

the understanding, which develops throughout the first year, that an object continues to exist even when you cannot see it or touch it

seeing the world from only your own point of view; the inability to take another person's perspective

The understanding that the physical properties of objects, such as the number of items in a cluster or the amount of liquid in a glass, can remain the same even when their form or appearance changes

the human ability to think about the way one's own mind and the minds of others work, and how cognitions and feelings affect behaviour

a method of child rearing in which the parent uses punishment and authority to correct the child's misbehavior

a method of child rearing in which the parent appeals to the child's own resources, abilities, sense of responsibility, and feelings for others in correcting misbehaviour

the fundamental sense of being male or female; it is independent of whether the person conforms to the social and cultural rules of gender

the process by which children learn the abilities, interests, personality traits, and behaviours associated with being masculine or feminine in their culture

Conditions, occurring in about one of every 2,000 births, in which chromosomal or hormonal anomalies cause a child to be born with ambiguous genitals, or genitals that conflict with the infant's chromosomes.

a cognitive schema (mental network) of knowledge, beliefs, metaphors, and expectations about what it means to be male or female

the age at which a person becomes capable of sexual reproduction

the onset of menstruation

the cessation of menstruation and of the production of ova; it is usually a gradual process lasting up to several years

the capacity for deductive reasoning and the ability to use new information to solve problems; it is relatively independent of education and tends to decline in old age.

Cognitive skills and specific knowledge of information acquired over a lifetime; it is heavily dependent on education and tends to remain stable over the lifetime