Ecology: Communitiy

________: one member derives a benefit while the other is not benefited or harmed.

________: parasites that live on the external surface of a host.

________: animal defends a plant or herbivore.

________ produces no nectar, but it mimics the nectar- producing rose pogonia and is therefore still visited by bees.

________ link trophic levels from producers to top carnivores.

________: unites results of oxidation with another molecule to create inactive and readily excreted product.

________: the feeding relationships between organisms in a community.

________ cheat seed- dispersal agent out of meal with barbs or hooks on seeds.

________: one organism uses another for transportation.

________, or camouflage, makes prey difficult to spot.

________: parasites that live within the body of their host.

________ (+-/interaction): interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey.

________ are beneficial- but optimal needs of each party can be different.

________: relationships between species in a community.

________ have a major impact on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America 🡪affects the distribution of other plant species.

________ (+-/interaction): one organism, the parasite, derives nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process (does not usually kill it outright)

________ also have morphological and physiological defense adaptations.

________: the proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community.

________: not part of primary.

________: differentiation of ecological niches, enabling similar species to coexist in a community.

Ecologically ________ can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches.

________- controlled system: prey supply is determined by factors other than predation, such as food supply.

________ use hummingbird nostrils.

________: the species cant live apart.

________ (+ /+ or 0 /+): an interaction where one species can have positive effects on another species without direct and intimate contact.

________ can overcome plant defenses.

________: exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles, or niches.

________: species replacement is prevented by previous colonists.

________: species replacement is unaffected by previous colonists.

________ produces gongylidia as ant food.

________: one species receives food in exchange for helping the flower spread their pollen.

________: can feed on many plant species.

________: restricted to one or two host plants.

________: the variety of organisms that make up the community.

________: neither species can live alone.

________: catalysis of secondary metabolite to corresponding alcohol by mixed- function oxidases (MFOs)

________: deceive predator about ease of eating prey.

________ depends on whether its a donor- controlled system or a predator- controlled system.

________ chew up leaves to feed to fungus they care for.

________: both species utilize a common resource.

________ are most competitive in exploiting resources vs they are most successful at avoiding predators.

________ include hiding, fleeing, forming herds or schools, self- defense, and alarm calls.

________, typically introduced to a new environment by humans, often lack predators or disease.

________: the total of a species use of biotic and abiotic resources.

________ can affect the survival and reproduction of each species,

________ can be lethal to small species.

________: species replacement is assisted by previous colonists.

________: close associations between species in which both species benefit.

an assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction

the total of a species use of biotic and abiotic resources

differentiation of ecological niches, enabling similar species to coexist in a community

the niche potentially occupied by that species

the niche actually occupied by that species

relationships between species in a community

competition between individuals of the same species

competition between individuals of different species

organisms compete indirectly through the consumption of a limited resource

individuals interact directly with one another by physical force or intimidation

Bombardier beetle ejects hot spray

deceive predator about ease of eating prey

Porcupine fish inflates itself

prey supply is determined by factors other than predation, such as food supply

action of predator feeding reduces supply of prey

can feed on many plant species

restricted to one or two host plants

not part of primary

catalysis of secondary metabolite to corresponding alcohol by mixed-function oxidases (MFOs)

unites results of oxidation with another molecule to create inactive and readily excreted product

parasites that live within the body of their host

parasites that live on the external surface of a host

close associations between species in which both species benefit

both species utilize a common resource

Leaf-cutting ants and fungus

animal defends a plant or herbivore

Ants protect aphid, aphid secretes honeydew

the species cant live apart

Ants nesting in acacia trees defend the tree and trim away competing plants

neither species can live alone

one species receives food in exchange for helping the flower spread their pollen

but optimal needs of each party can be different

one member derives a benefit while the other is not benefited or harmed

Epiphytes growing in trees do not harm the trees

Cattle egrets benefit from cattle stirring up insects

one organism uses another for transportation

an interaction where one species can have positive effects on another species without direct and intimate contact

species replacement is assisted by previous colonists

species replacement is prevented by previous colonists

species replacement is unaffected by previous colonists

the variety of organisms that make up the community

species richness and relative abundance

the total number of different species in the community

the proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community

the feeding relationships between organisms in a community

the species that are most abundant or have the highest biomass

exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles, or niches

the sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance

when succession begins; occurs where no soil exists

begins in an area where soil remains