Studied by 39 peopleGriffith
The scientist(s) who experimented with bacteria in mice, concluding that a “transforming material” was transferred to make bacteria deadly
Avery
The scientist(s) who identified DNA as a transforming principle that transfers onto offspring
Hershey & Chase
The scientist(s) who provided evidence that DNA is genetic material
Franklin
The scientist(s) who used X-Ray imagery to first suggest DNA’s helical shape
Watson & Crick
The scientist(s) who developed an accurate model of DNA’s 3D structure
Nucleotide
A monomer that composes DNA & RNA
Phosphate Group, Sugar, & Nitrogen Base
The parts of nucleotides
Hydrogen Bond
The bond between nitrogen bases in DNA
Covalent Bonds
The bond between sugar & phosphate in DNA
T & C
The nitrogen bases that are pyrimidines
A & G
The nitrogen bases that are purines
Pyrimidines
The category of nitrogen bases with a single ring
Purines
The category of nitrogen bases with double rings
A & T
The pair of nitrogen bases forming a double hydrogen bond
C & G
The pair of nitrogen bases forming triple hydrogen bonds
Deoxyribose
The sugar DNA has
Ribose
The sugar RNA has
Antiparallel
The sides of DNA are ______, meaning they face opposite directions
5’ to 3’
DNA Replication goes from __ to __
Creates copies
Replication does this to DNA
DNA Helicase
The enzyme that first unzips the sides of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase
The enzyme that matches nucleotides to create a duplicate of the DNA
Semiconservative
DNA replication is _______, meaning part of it is conserved
Uracil
The chemical RNA has instead of thymine
Single
RNA is _______ stranded
Messenger RNA
The type of RNA that acts as a messenger between DNA in the nucleus and the ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
The type of RNA that forms part of the ribosome
Transfer RNA
The type of RNA that translates the code from mRNA to proteins
Transcription
The process converting DNA to RNA
Translation
The process interpreting mRNA to amino acid chains forming proteins
Nucleus
The place transcription begins
RNA Polymerase
The enzyme that helps unzip the DNA as the first step converting it to RNA
Codon
The group of 3 nucleotides mRNA is read in
Anti-codon
The group of 3 nucleotides on tRNA
attatched
tRNA is _____ to an amino acid
reads
The tRNA _____ the codon (mRNA) to create the amino acid
Mutation
A change in an organism’s DNA
Print Mutation
A single gene mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another
Frameshift
A single gene mutation in which a base is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the entire sequence
Noncoding Region
A mutation may occur in a _______, a part of a chromosome where genetic material isn’t read, so it won’t affect the organism
Gene Duplication
A chromosomal mutation in which an organism has 2 or more copies of the same gene
Gene Translocation
A chromosomal mutation in which DNA is exchanged between 2 different chromosomes
Sex Cells
Mutations in these cells affect offspring
Body Cells
Mutations in these cells do not affect offspring
Replication Errors or Mutagens like UV and Chemicals
What causes genetic mutations?
Genetic code goes from DNA to RNA to Proteins
The Central Dogma of biology
Note
Flashcard