Med Micro Exam 1

The study of microscopic organisms

Bacteria, Fungi, Protists, Viruses

Protozoan and algae

protozoans

algae

nonliving

nanometers

Study of grouping organisms

Domain Scheme and Kingdom Scheme

Whittaker, 1960s

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista

Monera

Carl Woese, 1970s

Bacteria in Yellowstone National Park surviving extreme conditions

Archaea

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Morphological data

bacteria and archaea

Phylogenetic data (DNA)

Bacteria and archaea

Archaea and eukarya

No nucleus, binary fission, unicellular, DNA is circular, small ribosomes

50S + 30S = 70S

True nucleus, mitosis, unicellular/multicellular, DNA is linear, large ribosome

60s + 40s= 80s

Prokaryotic, monera, bacteria and archaea

Eukaryotic, fungi, eukarya

eukaryotic, protista, eukarya

eukaryotic, animalia, eukarya

acellular, none, none

Antibiotic production and microbial antagonism

Infection and disease

5

2

body working incorrectly

Not caused by microorganisms

caused by a microorganisms

Influenza/pneumonia, TB, gastroenteritis, infant disease, diphtheria

Influenza/pneumonia and AIDS

Vaccines

measles, mumps, rubella

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (whooping cough)

used in bioterrorism

infection, common bacterial cause: Neisseria meningitis

virus transmitted through contaminated blood or sexual contact; can cause liver damage

coined the term "cell", started Cell Theory

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2. Nothing smaller than a cell is alive 3. Cell come only from the reproduction of existing cells

first to observe microscopic organisms; interested in microscopy

Dutch textile merchant

magnification and resolution

three shapes of microorganisms

Circle, elongated, and spiral

the hypothesis that living organisms can originate from nonliving matter

spontaneous generation

he put broth in 2 different jars (swa-neck-flask and not covered) and saw which one the "organisms" came into

Scientific method (systematic approach), aseptic technique, pasteurization

Procedure used to exclude microorganisms from environment

A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria

Louis Pasteur

the theory that infectious diseases are caused by certain microorganisms

1860-1920

Robert Koch

English surgeon who was the first to use antiseptics (aerosol carbolic acid)

white blood cells; created by Elie Metchnikoff

blood borne (antibodies); created by Emil von Behring

Robert Koch

causative agent of a disease

Solidified culture media

1. Suspect mo must be present in all causes of the disease

2. suspect mom must be isolated in pure culture

3. suspect mo must be introduced into healthy host and it has to cause the disease

Gelatin and agar (most common)

Drug that would kill/target micorganims without hurting the host organism

1920-present

Salvarsan and sulfonamides

Discovered penicillin in 1928

Penicilin stockpiled for war, but government released it and saved 60-70% of patient lives

spherical

sausage

Coccus, bacillus, spiral

the shape (individual) and arrangement (group of cells)

many shapes

pairs

chains

four coccus in a square

cubic configuration of cocci

irregular clusters

Single, diplobacilli, streptobacilli, coccobacillus

single, diplococci, streptococci, tetrads, sarcinae, staphylococci

vibrio, spirillum, spirochete

curved rod

Cholera

few helical turns, rigid, motile by flagella

many helical turns, flexible, mobile by endoflagella

syphilis and lyme disease

fluid mosaic model

amphipathic

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

water, O2, CO2, hydrophobic molecules

Requires no energy from the cell