Period 2 AI Summary (V1)

• Established as a Joint Stock Company for profit-driven ventures like gold, fur-trade, and tobacco.

• Religion was not a significant factor compared to other colonies like Maryland, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts.

Cash crop easily cultivated in the region, becoming the most profitable by the mid-1700s.

• Transition from servitude to slavery in the Chesapeake region.

• Indentured servants played a major role before 1675.

• Slave importation increased significantly in the late 1660s.

• Slaves replaced indentured servants in tobacco fields in Virginia.

• Planters shifted to using more slaves due to uprisings like Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.

• Tobacco cultivation and costs led to the emergence of the slave trade.

• Legalization of slavery in all colonies by 1700.

• African Americans brought cultural practices.

• Rice and Indigo were vital to South Carolina in the mid-1700s.

• Stono Rebellion in 1739 led by slaves aiming to escape to Florida.

• Came to New England to escape persecution and economic recession.

• Led by John Winthrop, settled in family units in small villages.

• Emphasized a close relationship between church & state.

• Advocated for a trained educated ministry, leading to the founding of Harvard & Yale College.

• Called for a model Christian society known as the 'city upon a hill'.

• Strict moral conduct, banning activities like theater.

• Hypocritical stance on religious freedom, banishing dissenters like Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams.

• Hutchinson challenged religious doctrine & gender roles, banished to Rhode Island.

• Williams founded Rhode Island, promoted religious toleration & freedom of thought.

• Religious revivals starting in New England in the 1730s, spreading across the colonies in the 1740s.

• New Light ministers advocated for emotional approach, leading to diversity and increased female church attendance.

• Founded by William Penn as a liberal colony with representative assembly and freedom of religion.

• Pacifists who opposed slavery and believed in freedom of worship.

• Advocated for women's roles in church services.

• Wealth accumulation by Northern Merchants and Southern Planters.

• Increased Irish and German immigrant numbers, leading to religious pluralism.

• Acceptance of slavery as a labor system.

• Cities primarily functioned as mercantile centers.

• Irish immigrants tended to be poor, Catholic, and persecuted, while Germans were wealthier, bought land, and formed communities.

• Mercantilism aimed for a balance of trade, with colonies exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.

• Navigation Acts regulated colonial trade to benefit England's economy.

• Married women lost control of property, while single women and widows could own property.

• Lacked separate identity from husbands.

• Belief in government based on consent of the governed, inspired by American revolutionaries.

• Key principles included sovereignty from the people, representation based on population, and private property ownership.

• Anne Bradstreet, the first published woman poet in the colonies.

• Phyllis Wheatley, an African American poet contributing to African American literature.