Chem 130

Linear

2 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Trigonal Planar

3 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Bent

2 bonds, 1 lone pair

Tetrahedral

4 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Trigonal Pyramidal

3 bonds, 1 lone pair

Bent (complex)

2 bonds, 2 lone pairs

Trigonal Bipyramidal

5 bonds, 0 lone pairs

See-Saw

4 bonds, 1 lone pair

T-shaped

3 bonds, 2 lone pairs

Linear (complex)

2 bonds, 3 lone pairs

Octahedral

6 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Square Pyramidal

5 bonds, 1 lone pair

Square Planar

4 bonds, 2 lone pairs

180, sp

linear

120, sp2

trigonal planar

109.5, sp3

tetrahedral

sp

linear, 180

sp^2

trigonal planar, 120

sp^3

tetrahedral, 109.5

sp^3d

trigonal bipyramidal, 90 and 120

sp^3d^2

Octahedral, 90

Acetate

C2H3O2-

Carbonate

CO₃²⁻

hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO₃⁻

Hydroxide

OH⁻

Nitrite

NO₂⁻

Nitrate

NO₃⁻

Chromate

CrO₄²⁻

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

Phosphate

PO₄³⁻

Hydrogen Phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

Dihydrogen Phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Hypochlorite

ClO⁻

Chlorite

ClO₂⁻

Chlorate

ClO₃⁻

Perchlorate

ClO₄⁻

Permanganate

MnO₄⁻

Sulfite

SO₃²⁻

Hydrogen sulfite ion (bisulfite ion)

HSO₃⁻

Sulfate

SO₄²⁻

hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO₄⁻

Cyanide

CN⁻

Peroxide

O₂²⁻

Paramagnetic

Unpaired electrons; creates a magnetic field

Diamagnetic

Paired electrons: no magnetic field

Effective nuclear charge

Increases from left to right, remains the same top to bottom

Atomic radius

Decreases left to right, increases top to bottom

isoelectronic series

a series of ions/atoms with the same # of electrons

ionization energy (defined)

energy required to remove 1 electron

Ionization energy trend

increases left to right, decreases top to bottom

electron affinity (defined)

energy of gaining an electron

Electron affinity trend

energy is more exothermic as we move left to right, decreases from top to bottom. Exceptions at group 2A, 5A and 8A

Metallic Character defined

Malleability: ability to bend

drawability: ability to pull into a thin wire

thin ability

Metallic character trend

Decreases from left to right, increases from top to bottom. bottom left of Pt is most metallic

Density

Increases from top to bottom and left to right