Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function (copy)

________ are organelles that detoxify various substances, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct.

________ do not have any membrane- bound organelles.

________ are made when vesicles containing specific enzymes from the trans Golgi fuse with vesicles made during endocytosis.

________ and ions such as Na+ and K+ are also transported across the plasma membrane via membrane proteins.

Transport proteins form pumps that use ________ to actively transport solutes across the membrane.

They are ________ that store water, food, wastes, salts, or pigments.

The ________ in a prokaryote is one continuous, circular DNA molecule that is found free in the cell in the nucleoid.

________ active transport occurs when something is actively transported using the energy captured from the movement of another substance flowing down its concentration gradient.

________ within a plant cell is usually taken up by a large vacuole which is the central vacuole.

________ are made up of the protein tubulin, participate in cellular division and movement.

________ are water- specific channels.

________ are found only on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

________ is used to describe osmotic gradients.

________- mediated endocytosis: involves cell surface ________ that work in tandem with endocytic pits that are lined with a protein called clathrin.

________ are important for movement.

________ are used to study stained or living cells.

The ________ is usually the largest organelle in the cell.

Vacuoles serve multiple functions in ________.

In exocytosis, a cell ejects waste products or specific secretion products, such as hormones, by the fusion of a vesicle with the ________, which then expels the contents into the extracellular space.

________ proteins form junctions between adjacent cells.

Movement against the ________ is called active transport.

________ and archaea are examples of prokaryotes.

They have sacs that carry digestive enzymes, which they use to break down old, worn- out organelles, debris, or ________.

________ and flagella have locomotive properties in single- celled organisms.

________ is the one- way movement of fluids brought about by pressure.

________: the cell ingests liquids.

________ can be either free floating in the cell or attached to another structure called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

________ is basically reverse endocytosis.

A(n) ________ has more total dissolved solutes than the cell, while a hypotonic solution has less.

________ is a specialized process by which the blood is filtered by using machines and concentration gradients.

If an environment is isotonic to the cell, the ________ is the same inside and outside.

________: the cell takes in solids.

________ contain chlorophyll, which gives plants their characteristic green color.

The ________ is a continuous channel that extends into many regions of the cytoplasm and provides mechanical support and transportation.

________ is the diffusion of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane.

________ proteins form channels that selectively allow the passage of certain ions or molecules.

When a particle, or ________, binds to one of these receptors, the ________ is brought into the cell by the invagination, or "folding in "of the cell membrane.

The ________ has hydrophilic outside and hydrophobic on the inside so only hydrophobic things can pass that central zone.

________ are used to study detailed structures of a cell that can not be easily seen or observed by light microscopy.

________ such as hormones, serve as docking sites for arrivals at the cell.

The ________ and volumes of cells can be calculated using typical geometry formulas.

The ________ is determined by a network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton.

Cell ________ such as glycoproteins, and some lipids, such as glycolipids, are exposed on the extracellular surface and play a role in cell recognition and adhesion.

________ are also essential during programmed cell death called apoptosis.

The ________ is important because it regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

The ________ are sites of protein synthesis.

________ also have small ribosomes.

________ are round structures composed of two subunits, the large subunit and the small subunit.

prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

mosaic model

pressure potential (Ψp) and solute potential (Ψs)

i = ionization constant C = molar concentration R = pressure constant T = temperature in Kelvin (°C + 273)

the cell ingests liquids

the cell takes in solids

involves cell surface receptors that work in tandem with endocytic pits that are lined with a protein called clathrin

movement of blood through a blood vessel and the movement of fluids in xylem and phloem of plants are examples of bulk flow