Studied by 9 peopleThe shaded areas on the map of early eighteenth century France shown above represent
territorial acquisitions during the reign of Louis XIV
Which city dominated European trade and finance in the early seventeenth century?
Amsterdam
What is an accurate characterization of England in the period 1688-1715 ?
A constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy
What was an economic policy of Louis XIV’s finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
Establishing detailed manufacturing codes to improve the quality of French export goods
"Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine power upon Earth."
Who was most likely to agree with this statement?
James I of England
What most accurately describes the political system of the Dutch republic of the seventeenth century?
Rule by wealthy merchants
What accurately describes the overall change in the size of ships being built over the two centuries?
The Dutch East India Company produced a higher proportion of ships in the larger two categories in the eighteenth century
“That the pretended powers of suspending of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal.
That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative without grant of Parliament for longer time or in other manner than the same is illegal.”
The provisions above from the English Bill of Rights were enacted in response to
James II’s attempts to dominate Parliament
The cartoon above from seventeenth-century England is an attempt to ridicule
fighting between royalist and parliamentary armies during the English Civil War
Little ice age
A period where it was extremely cold which caused harvests to fail leading to famines
Witchcraft
Allegiances to the devil, witches would wreak havoc on their neighbors by killing stock, hurting children, and raising storms
Thirty Years War
The last of the religious wars, Catholicism VS Calvinism
The Peace of Augsburg
Fredrick IV of Palatinate
Formed a league of German protestant states: Protestant union
Protestant Union
Formed by Fredrick IV to repel Habsburg religious and political policies, impacting the northern regions negatively
Duke Maximilian
Organized catholic league of German states, Germany was divided into two armed camps
Catholic League
Military alliance of German princes formed at the start of the war
Bohemian Phase
(1st phase)Archduke Ferdinand was king but he was Catholic and started limiting religious activities so the protestants rebelled and replaced him with Fredrick V
Elector Fredrick V
Held Protestant Union, he aided imposing forces of Duke Maximilian + Catholic league but was defeated and Ferdinand was put back into power=Catholicism as sole religion
Defenestration of Prague
People in Bohemia getting thrown out of windows, mod violence
Battle of White Mountain
Spanish troops took advantage of Fredericks predicament and invaded the Palatinate
Danish Phase
The Protestant Danes were challenged by the Catholic Imperial armies. Their success led to major Catholic victories and put the Catholic Habsburg rulers of Spain and Austria at the height of their power
King Christian of Denmark
He was Lutheran, He wanted possession of Catholic territories
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Christian IV’s commander, He was a nobleman and wealthiest landowner, his forces defeated the Protestant army at Dessau
Edict of Restitution
Prohibited Calvinist and restored all property taken by protestant princes and cities from the past 75 years to the Catholic Church, undid the Peace of Augsburg
Swedish Phase
After several attempts by the Holy Roman Empire to prevent the spread of Protestantism in Europe, King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden ordered a full-scale invasion of the Catholic states. Although he was killed in action, his armies successfully defeated their enemies and gave birth to the Swedish Empire after proving their ability in combat.
Gustavus Adolphus
King of Sweden, he revived Sweden and turned it into Baltic Power, he had disciplined and well equipped armies, he was also a Lutheran
Battle of Lützen
Swedish forces prevailed, Adolphus was killed and was the final turning point for Wallenstien, it was a Protestant victory
Cardinal Richelieu
He was King Louis XIII’s chief minister and sought to consolidate royal power and strengthen France's international position
Franco-Swedish Phase
France (allied with Sweden) VS Habsburg Austria (allied with Spain), battle of Rocroi= French beat Spanish
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
Officially ended war in Germany and War of France VS Spain, it also established political sovereignty in states and provided more religious freedom
Military revolution
Military technologies defined the balance of power, like Charles VII who created a permanent professional army
Absolutism
Sovereign power or ultimate authority resting in the hands of a monarch so ruled by divine right and was responsible only to God
Divine right
Monarchy based on the belief that monarchs receive their power directly from god and are responsible to no one but God
Intendants
Royal officials who were sent into the provinces to execute the orders of the central government, implement royal policies locally
What was an important consequence of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 ?
Limits were put on the power of the English monarchy
In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in return for
virtually absolute power over their serfs
By the early seventeenth century, what European nation was the greatest commercial power in Europe?
The Netherlands
What represents the final defeat of efforts by the Ottoman Empire to acquire large areas of central Europe?
The siege of Vienna (1683)
The Russian woodcut above (about 1698) symbolizes Peter the Great’s?
imposition of Western values on the Russian nobility
The establishment and growth of St. Petersburg during the early eighteenth century was part of Peter the Great' s attempt to do?
Remake Russian institutions to be as effective as those in western Europe
One of the main aims of the reforms in Russia under Peter the Great (1689-1725) was to make high social status more dependent on
service to the state
In seventeenth-century Poland, the most significant political influence was exercised by the
Nobility
In the eighteenth century, the effectiveness of the Russian monarchy was limited by
the enornous land area of the country
The French Fronde is best described as the
revolt over increasing centralization of royal power
The most important political and military result of the Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia was the
rise of France as a great power
A major result of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713-1714) was to
prevent France from upsetting the balance of power
Note
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