Year 9 Commerce- Revision Booklet Questions

Law is a broad term that is used to describe every piece of legistration in Australia

Establish boundaries, protection, freedom and resolving disputes

Drink driving as it poses a risk to other drivers on the road

Things that you cannot do, such as murder, assault or robbery

Things that you can do, such as own and operate a business, drive a car and get married

The ability for a person to do certain things under the law. It gives you a certain amount of freedom, however, there are responsibilities that come with it

It is a latin term meaning 'incapable of wrong'. This means that a child that is under a certain age cannot be charged as they don't know what is right or wrong. They cannot be held legally responsible for their actions, therefore, cannot be guilty of an offence

In the UK, it is legal for them to be charged at the age of 10. Additionally, through the interviews conducted, the two offenders knew the difference between good and bad actions

Gamble, marry, drink alcohol, vote, get a tattoo

Youth allowence, engage in consental sex, get a learner driver permit

Get a provisonal driver licence

You can be charged and taken to court if the police believe you broke the law

A state of disorder resulting from the absence of laws and government. This often occurs after a nautral disaster because law enforcement agencies no longer exist or are unable to enforce laws. Anarchy is often characterised by violence and looting

An example was the 2021 Capitol building riot as the police barely intervened and openly let protestors in. Hence, causing disorder and violence.

Rule by a single leader holding unlimited power over the people in a country or state. This means that the rule of law is absent.

An example is Kim Jong-un. He is a tyrant that has complete control over the control and the media. He gives his people little to no freedom and manipulates the media.

Capitol Hill Riot demonstrates anarchy as Trump supporters caused disorder and police enforcements did not retaliate

These riots caused fire and destruction within the community

The Commonwealth Parliament. It was based on the British laws brought out by the First Fleet.

They were oral laws that outlined the correct or appropriate way of living

A complex system of values and culture, inextricably linked to the land of people

Through oral laws that are passed through customs and rituals

It is conducted by an elder that knows the customers administered this law will witness the meeting whom committed the offence and the person who was affected. They then will decide a punishment.

It ranged from being banished from the tribe to death

Bottom of the hierachy, it has no jury but instead a magistrate. It deals with minor criminal and civil cases

A court that tries to provide long-term solution for offenders who use drugs (and is addicted) and encourge them to quite (rehabilition) and gain employment to reduce the need to commit crimes

Investigates deaths by unnatural causes in order to determine the identity of the deceased and the date, place, circumstance and medical cause of death. This special local court that investigates the cause and origin of fires or explosions

Deals with cases involving the care and protection of children and young people. It also deals with criminal cases involving children and young people committnig offences when uner the age of 18. Additionally, it has a magistrate

'Middle court', cases are heard by judges. Deals with more serious civil cases for claims over $100 00 to $750 000 and all motor vehicle accident cases. Also it deals with armed robbery and manslaughter, criminal juristiction

Deals with most serious cases such as murder, treason and serious sexual assault. Deals with teh most serious civil cases involving more than $750 000. The supreme court can impose a wide range of sentences

A federal court that hears cases concerning the interpretation of the constitution and creates laws that then affect the powers of the paliament. Additionally, it shifts the balance of power towards the Commonwealth

It helps to resolve complex family law matters such as divorce, custody, parenting disputes and the division of assets when the couples separate

The power of court to hear an appeal from a lower court

He or she listens to the arguments presented by the prosecution and defence. If a jury announces guilty, the judge will decide the punishment

Ordinary people who decide if they believe the evidence that is presented and tehn decide if they are guilty or not

Provide security for the court

The one who is charge, sits and hopes they are not guilty

Observe proceedings so they can report that happens

Has to convince the Jury that the accused is guilty. In civil cases, a barrister will act behalf of the plaintiff. Their purpose is to try to give their client compensation

Basically tries to prove the accused is guilty. Presents arguments to try and lessen the punishment. If the accused pleads not guilty, the defence counsel must convince the judge that thier client is innocent

Give evidence

Local court or specialist courts such as Children's court

Law made by judges, 'Judges-made-law'. The decisions and sentences of judges becomes a binding for future cases. Common law is used on a case where there is no existing law that regulates it or previous decisions made on a similar case.

Decisions that are made to allow somewhat consistent decisions for cases alike. This helps the legal system achieve fairness and justice as similar cases and dealt with the same way

To help the legal system achieve fairness and justice as similar cases and dealt with the same way

Laws that courts make from the interpretation of laws made by the parliament. They make interpretations as laws made by the parliament often use complicated language and is broad to cover as many possible situation.

It created the basis of sueing people. It also laid the foundation of the modern law of negligence in common law jurisdictions worldwise and it established the general principles of duty and care

Laws created by the Parliament and must be obeyed by all people. It is also known as legistration and an Act of Parliament

A document that outlines the powers of the parliament and any restrictions to its law-making authority

It provides a framework for government and law. it details the roles of executive government and the High Court of Australia, some rights of Australian citizens such as religious freedom. It also sets out how the Australian and State Parliament share the power to make laws

Step 1. A proposed new law or changed law is discussed in the cabinet Step 2. The government laws will draft a bill, also known as the 'first draft' of an act Step 3. First-reading copies of the bill is given to all members of the House of Representives to read Step 4. The second reading takes place where the responsible minister will outline the main purpose and benefits fo the bill. Then the government and oppositions will debate. Then a vote happen. Step 5. The bill is debated again, bit at bit, the process is called the comittee stage. It happens at the parliamentary committes. Step 6. The bill will be put to a vote then if majority votes yes, it goes to the Senate Step 7. Similar processers of Step 3 to 6 occurs in the Senate. If changes are made, it will be sent back to the House Of Representitives. If the Senate votes to approve, it gets sent to the Governer General Step 8. Governer General signs it so it is now a legal act.

Deals with how people should behave and outlining what they can or cannot do. It includes offences such as armed robbery, murder, drink-driving, fraud, rape and shoplifting

Serious offences that require a judge and jury in court

Armed robbery, murder

Minor criminal offences that can be dealt by a judge/magistrate and no jury

Low-range drink driving and shoplifting

'guilty act'. Evidence that the accused did commit a crime

'guilty mind'. Evidence of the intent of the accused committing the crime

The requirement that both elements of an offence (mens rea and actus reus)

The requirement for the prosecution to prove their point

The standard of proof required in a criminal trial

Beyond Reasonable doubt

Balance of probabilities

Must do unpaid community work

Payment of money for breaking the law

A person most spend the weekend in jail but is allowed to go home on weekdays. This allows the offenders to keep their job

You must be of good behaviour for a set amount of time or you will forfeit a sum of money and may receive the original sentence as well as any new offences

Must spend time in jail

Sentence to death

To ensure and enforce peace within a community. They enforce laws in society

A law enforcement agency in NSW. They carry out general law enforcement duties throughout the entire state to ensure order in our society. Their role includes the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes, monitor and promote road safety and maintaining social order

A federal enforcement agency under the Commonwealth Government. The AFP's responsibilties includes preventing, investigating and enforcing Commonwealth legistration, protecting natural security and protecting goverment interest overseas. Furthermore, to assit neighbouring countries such as Papua New Guinea in law enforcement and delivering law enforcement training.