Period 4 AI Summary (V2)

Shift of power from Federalists to Democratic Republicans in 1800

Virtuous independent family farmers, backbone of America

States' right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

Acts suppressing voters, violating freedom of speech and press

Largest US land acquisition, promoting agrarian society

Established judicial review, Supreme Court can review acts' constitutionality

States cannot alter contracts, only original signers can

Struck down Maryland law taxing National Bank

Caused by British impressment, interference with American commerce, aiding Natives

Demise of Federalist Party, intensification of nationalist feelings

Infrastructure plan promoting trade, tariffs, internal improvements

Maine free state, Missouri slave state, '36* 30' line for slavery

US independence from Europe, warning Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere

Belief in common man, expanded suffrage, patronage, opposition to elites

Tariff protecting North's industries, harming South's agrarian society

Calhoun's nullification doctrine, Webster

Jackson's veto against Bank of the U.S., advocating for hard money, credit expansion

Political party supporting Henry Clay and the American System

Political party supporting Jackson and State Power

1821 case where Supreme Court upheld Cherokee tribal rights

Forced relocation of Cherokee to Oklahoma, resulting in high casualties

Cotton's importance due to cotton gin, new lands, and demand

Society with small farmers, few slave owners dominating

Slaves' social networks, population growth, limited freedom

Erie Canal, steamboats, railroads boosting trade and economy

Belief women should focus on home, family, and religion

Textile industry employing women, providing housing and education

1848 event demanding women's rights, inspired by Declaration of Independence

Advocate for mental health and prison reforms

Religious revival leading to moral awareness of slavery

Worked to repatriate freed slaves to Africa

Radical abolitionist, founder of American Anti

Prominent black abolitionist advocating for rights of all oppressed groups

Advocate for abolition and women's rights, demanding equality

Philosophical movement valuing simplicity, nature, and individuality

Groups aiming for cooperative, moral lifestyles for a better society

Artists emphasizing American landscapes and natural beauty

Popular school books promoting patriotism and moral values