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Leadership
the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the groups of which they are members
Leadership theories
behavioral theory & situational theory
Behavioral theory of leadership
based on the idea that a leader’s personal qualities and techniques drive the kind of leader they become
Situational theory of leadership
Focuses on the situational or outside factors that predict effective leadership
Leadership styles
transactional
transformational
laissez-faire
Transactional leadership style
guidance based in contingency, in that reward or punishment, is contingent on performance; described as a combination of both behavioral and situational theories of leadership
Transformational leadership style
behavior that is founded on the belief that leaders and followers can raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality; more common and is desires in the workplace
Laissez-faire leadership style
a leadership style where the leader allows the followers to have more control over the outcomes of the organization
Group Dynamics
The study of how individuals interact within a group affects their behavior, attitudes, and performance. It explores topics like leadership, communication, decision-making, and conflict resolution.
Membership group
a group where people belong by birth or life circumstance
Reference group
a group to which members choose to belong
Group think
conformity in thought and behavior among the members of a group, especially an unthinking acceptance of majority opinions; explores how group dynamics can interfere with effective decision-making
8 Symptoms of group think
involves the illusion of invulnerability, where group members believe they are invincible and that whatever decision they make will be the right one
group members want to discredit or explain away any thoughts that are contrary to their thinking
groupthink involves the group members’ belief that they are making decisions based on morality, but they often do not consider the consequences of their actions
the group relies on mutual stereotypes to validate their thinking
groupthink involves pressure to conform to and agree with the thinking of the group
self-censorship; when a group member questions or expresses opposition, he or she is censored or made to feel uncomfortable enough to keep his or her thoughts to himself or herself
when the group members believe that everyone else agrees with the decision being made
a group that includes what is known as “mindguards”
Group decisions
is a situation faced when individuals collectively make a choice from the alternatives before them.
Gresham’s law of planning
a general tendency for programmed activities to overshadow nonprogrammed activities
Implementation process
The process of putting plans into action and executing them.
Interpersonal Strategies
use of assertive communication without dominance to encourage others to be involved
Problem-solving strategies
a collection of formal planned actions used to find solutions
Delegation
the assignment of authority and responsibility to another person to carry out specific activities
Motivation
is a goal-directed behavior that is directed by emotions and instincts that result in an impact on behavior.
Mixed-motive situation
a situation where someone’s personal actions impact the outcomes of the other group embers and the group as a whole
Delayed gratification
the ability to wait in order to obtain something that one wants
Estate Planning
the process of planning for the efficient transfer of assets at one’s death
Risk managment
a systematic process of identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring risks and uncertainty in an effort to plan for and cope with possible negative outcomes
Insurance
an arrangement by which a company gives consumers financial protection against loss or harm in return for payment or premium
Premiums
payments made to an insurance company to buy a policy and to keep it in force
Deductible
the billed amount that is the patient’s responsibility before insurance coverage will activate
Co-pay
the amount the insured pays in addition to the deductible of any judgment or settlement
Stop-loss limit
the maximum amount under traditional insurance for which benefits are calculated on a proportional basis; after the stop-loss is met, coverage is paid at 100%
Types of insurance
auto insurance
health insurance
life insurance
home insurance
Health insurance
insurance against loss caused by sickness or bodily injury; policies include a combination of hospital, surgical, and physician expense coverage
Life insurance
a contract between the policy owner and the insurer, where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of many upon the occurrence of the insured’s death
Automobile insurance
insurance on an automotive vehicle that covers liability (ex: lawsuits) and collisions (automobile stolen or damaged)
Home insurance
an insurance policy that combines insurance on the home and its contents, as well as liability insurance for accidents that may happen at the home
Floaters
extended insurance coverage for personal poperty
Term insurance
low-cost insurance that is valid only for a stated period of time and has no cash surrender value or loan value
Whole-life insurance
an insurance policy with cash value before it becomes payable upon death or maturity
Cash value
the amount paid into a life insurance policy that is available to the consumer
Universal-life insurance
a type of flexible, permanent life insurance offering the low-cost protection of term life insurance as well as a savings element, which is invested to provide cash value buildup
Societal Responsibility
a sense that consumers must act with concern and sensitivity, being aware of the impact of their actions on others, particularly this disadvantaged
Corporate social responsibility
the awareness, acceptance, and management if the implications and effects of all corporate decision-making
Global Citizenship
a term used to describe the social, environmental, and economic actions taken by individuals and communities who recognize that every person is a citizen of the world.
Family responsibility and well-being
taking a look at one’s action and determining and analyzing if it positively or negatively effects one’s family
Wellness
an interactive process of becoming aware of and practicing healthy choices to create a more successful and balanced lifestyle
Types of wellness
social
occupational
spiritual
physical
intellectual
emotional
Social wellness
being aware of, participating in , and feeling connected to your community
Occupational wellness
wellness within the workplace
Spiritual wellness
wellness within the spirit whether that is from religion, inward spirituality (comfort, peace, or an inner strength), or outward spirituality ( a connection to others or a feeling of being one with the world
Physical wellness
being well physically (nutrition and exercise)
Intellectual wellness
in a family it involves the preparation and improvement of life skills; allowing your brain both stimulation and rest for critical thinking, curiosity, and creativity; recognizes creative abilities and encourages us to find ways to expand our knowledge and skills
Emotional wellness
the ability to be comfortable with your own emotions; being able to understand your feelings and appropriately express them from others
Individual responsibility
giving back to your community, nation , or world
Technology
machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge; embedded in business, politics, and family life
Technostress
the negative psychological link between people and the introduction of new technologies; used to describe information overload
Family structure
the way a family is structured
ex: divorce, marriage and committed relationships
Cohabitation
to live together as of as if a married couple
Changing demographics
describes the changes in population size and structure caused by changes in birth rates, death rates, political choices, economic classification, age and by migration
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