Studied by 1 personWhat kind of diseases are the leading causes of death?
degenerative
What two types of risks change throughout ones life?
mobility and mortality
Children are vulnerable to what type of infections?
gastrointestinal and respiratory
What are the four factors that contribute to the reemergence of infections?
poverty, traveling, climate change, pathogen revolution
What are the causal agents of infections?
bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, intrinsic factors, and extrinsic factors
what is inflammation?
cellular reaction to the invading organism
What does inflammation cause?
swelling, fever, pain, tenderness
bacterial infections are more likely to be what?
chronic
viral infections resolve BLANK or lead to BLANK
quickly, rapid mortality
what is the healing process of the bone?
adding new “woven” bone then compacting it into “cortical” bone
Describe osteomyelitis?
bone destruction, pus formation, then bone repair. The bone becomes enlarged and deformed which results in pitting and irregularity on the surface of the bone
What is a cavity?
a pus containing abscess that penetrates the bone
Describe periostitis.
nonspecific swelling of the periosteum due to repeated trauma
Describe sinusitis.
irregular pitting and new growth in the maxillary sinuses caused by blood borne bacteria from infections that begin in the throat, ear, sinuses, or chest
Describe tuberculosis.
an infection from a particular bacterium that leaves lesions on ribs and spine. There is one type that passes from cattle to other animals than one from micro bacterium tuberculosis
Describe leprosy.
An infection caused by the same bacteria as tuberculosis although, transmission is unknown, and it often found in children and men
Describe treponemal disease.
a infection caused by treponema and the pathological conditions are identical and it only identified by transmission.
What are some examples of treponemal diseases?
pinta, yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), venereal syphilis
What is a congenital disease?
diseases that start in the euro and can impact individuals or certain individuals in a family line
Define apalasia.
total failures of development
Define hypoplasia.
partial development
Define hyperplasia.
overdevelopment
What are the causes of development in congenital diseases?
genetics, environment, and maternal/fatal influences
What are some examples of environmental factors of congenital diseases.
virus/bacterial infection from mother or exposure to toxic chemicals or radiation
What are the congenital diseases that occur on the axial skeleton?
anencephaly, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, spina bifida cystica, achondroplasia
Which congenital disease is the most severe abnormality?
anencephaly
Describe anencephaly.
cranial vaults fail to develop as does the brain
Describe microcephaly.
a disease caused by genetic and environmental determinants that leads to a significantly smaller skull circumference due to the cranial sutures fusing earlier than average while the face grows larger and leads to severe mental impairment
Describe hydrocephalus.
“water on the brain”; increase pressure on the brain from cerebrospinal fluid and is fatal by age 35. 25% of the cases are genetic and it caused by either measles or mumps, or tumors and it noticed during the first 6 months of life
Describe spina bifida.
the most common congenital disease that is seen more often in males and it caused by genetic deficiencies in folic acids (vitamin B12)
Describe spina bifida cystica.
the most severe form of spina bifida that is often fatal
What are the three forms of severity of spina bifida?
meningocele, myelomeningocele, and myelocele
What is meningocele?
protrusion of nerve roots and meninges but the spinal cord remains in canal
What is myelomeningocele?
added protrusion of the spinal cord
what is myelocele?
protrusion of both forms but skin and meninges fail to form and lead to infection and death
Describe achondroplasia.
dwarfism that is recognized, forensically, by skeletal limb proportions and cranial abnormalities
What is a neoplastic disease?
a disease caused by cancerous lesions
What does neoplasm mean?
new growth
what are benign neoplasms?
cancers/tumors that remain at site of origin or spread locally and the symptoms are from the growth itself or stress from surrounding tissue
Describe Malignant neoplasms.
uncontrolled growth that spreads by bloodstream or lymphatic system and causes metastases (secondary deposits) and the usual result is death
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