Pharmacology Test 1

Sensory Information received from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscles, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue

Sensory Information received from viscera

Sends information from the CNS to the body

Voluntary muscle movement

controls organs such as heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines

Acetylcholine only neurotransmitter between CNS and skeletal muscles

stimulates skeletal muscle, inhibits cardiac muscle, inhibits and excites smooth muscle and glands (CNS & PNS)

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain; can impact muscle tone (CNS)

Inhibitory role; important in cognition, motivation, behavior, mood

Effects in thalamus, hypothalamus, spinal cord

Modulates sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system

Functions related to sleep, appetite, cognition, mood

Excitatory role; promotes cognitive function; most common neurotransmitter in the brain

depression, anxiety

vasoconstriction, raises blood pressure

increases heart rate and contractive force of the heart

influences bronchodilation

Results from excessive firing of a small number of neurons with spread to adjacent neurons

an involuntary contraction or series of contractions of voluntary musclese

Neurologic disorder characterized by sudden and recurring seizures

increases neurotransmitter firing

inhibits neurotransmitter firing

disruption of neurotransmitters

localized seizures in a specific area of the brain, typically occurs from injuries

in both hemispheres of the brain

• tonic-clinic

• absence

• myoclonic

  • atonic

twitching and sensory hallucination with no loss of consciousness (focal motor)

blank stare, post seizure amnesia with impaired consciousness (psychomotor)

muscle rigidity followed by muscle jerks with shallow breathing, loss of bladder control, excess salvation (Grand Mal)

body becomes rigid, patient may fall, lasts a minute or less

starts with muscle jerks, may be accompanied by shallow breathing, loss of bladder control, and excess salvation; lasts a few minuets

continuous tonic-Clonic convulsions, high fever, lack of oxygen; with or without loss of consciousness

interruption of activities by black stare, rotating eyes, uncontrolled facial movements, rapid eye blinking, twitching or jerking of an arm or leg

occurs with sudden, massive brief muscle jerks which may throw patient down or nonpassive, quick jerks of the arms, hands, legs, or feet: consciousness not lost

1. seizure control or lessen the frequency

2. Prevent emotional and behavioral changes that may result from seizures

block sodium and lower inappropiate firing neurons

calcium channel blockers

sedatives with anticonvulsant action

muscular difficulties and postural abnormalities

when a parkinson’s patient is either taken completely off their or given a lower dosage to ensure their effectiveness

blood pressure gets spiked to a dangerous level

metabolizes in the brain creating dopamine

stimulated dopamine receptors

by blocking reuptake of dopamine into presynaptic nerve neurons

block cholinergics work

block an enzyme that metabolizes dopamine

block monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down dopamine

An autoimmune disease in which the myelin sheaths around nerves degenerate

a disorder of the interface between nerves and muscles in which the muscles cannot respond to the nerve signal in order to contract

a progressive degenerative disease of the nerves that leads to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually death

Severe pain or unpleasant sensations in the leg

long-term pain over entire body; tenderness in joints, muscles, and tendons

inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity

feelings of pessimism worry, intense sadness, loss of concentration, slowing of mental processes, problems eating and sleeping

mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behaviour, elevated mood; mood of extreme excitement, excessive elation, hyperactivity, agitation, increased psychomotor activity

alternating episodes of depression and mania; mood swings that alternate between periods of major depression and periods of mild to severe chronic agitation

Triggered by a traumatic event that leaves a person with intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings long after the event; Persistent anxiety or recurrent fear after a terrifying event

depression which occurs in the fall and winter and remits in the spring and summer

block reuptake of serotonin, little effect on norepinephrine

increase both serotonin and norepinephrine

prevent reuptake of serotonin and/pr norepinephrine

inhibit enzymes that break down serotonin and norepinephrine