Unit 7 Terms

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Certain cultures should dominate others through the belief in survival of the fittest (stronger country had the right to take over weaker country) (written by spencer)

A poem by British poet Rudyard Kipling commenting on American imperialism. It created a phrase used by imperialists to justify the imperialistic actions the U.S. took.

sent missionaries into china and japan to spread christianity

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

extreme nationalism marked by aggressive foreign policy (willing to go to war for country)

commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan to trade with the Treaty of Kanagawa

1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships

Hawaiian king who took the thrown in 1874 but signed bayonet constitution giving up his power to the US

a constitution the king of Hawaii was forced to sign which severely restricted his power and deprived most Hawaiians of the vote and favored businesses

the Hawaiian queen who tried to repeal the bayonet constitution and was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Hawaiian born white who was a pineapple planter and becomes the president of Hawaii during the provisional government after Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown

U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898

Term given to governments supported or created by the United States in Central America that economically support the US; believed to be either corrupt or subservient to U.S. interests.

Advocated for an "Open Door Policy" in China so that the US could have influence in China as well as other imperialist countries.

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Chinese rebellion against foreign influence, China loses due to weapons being weaker than imperialist countries weapons.

US wants Panama, Colombia says no, US helps Panama form a rebellion and gains it independence, the US gets the green light to start building a canal (helps militarily and economically)

This was the revolution during the Spanish American war in which Cuba wanted independence from Spain, however Spain would not grant it. Thus, America intervened, and due to the rising tensions, the Spanish American war started.

When Cubans started to rebel, Spaniards began to reorganize prisoners into labor camps that lead to mass Cuban death

Yellow journalists, they helped to start the fighting in Cuba against Spain for the their independence, by using exaggerated stories in their papers.

journalism that is exaggerated to gain support (fake news)

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

The USS Maine exploded and the explosion was blamed on Spain (even though they didn't cause it) ->more people supporting the war against Spain

The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War, From the treaty America paid 20 million dollars for the Guam, Puerto Rico Philippines. Cuba was freed from Spain.

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba they felt it was necessary. Cuban rejected but the US wouldn't remove troops until the amendment was adopted

government officials believed that the Filipinos were uncivilized and needed to be Americanized (also known as Anglo Saxonized); we wanted a naval base in the Southeast Asia area; the Filipinos fought back against the Americans taking over the islands and the conflict lasted over three years; eventually in the 1940's the United States granted the Philippines its independence

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

was annexed, gained limited self government through the Foraker Act, gained US citizenship in 1917 but couldn't vote for the president

Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens. (limiting voting rights specifically)

A group of anti imperialists that advocated for isolationism (Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William Jennings Bryan)

reward of economic relations which is good for both countries (carrot) and punishment in which the stronger country had the right to militarily take over the country (stick)

Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy.

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.

16 American battleships, painted white, sent around the world to display American naval power

President who instituted dollar diplomacy as the imperialist foreign policy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. (control country for economic gain)

president during ww1, advocated for moral diplomacy, 14 pts, league of nations

Foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace (support nations with similar political styles to the US)

The act that granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as stable government was achieved

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States

immediate cause of World War I.

neutral

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

the belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

A promise Germany made to America to stop using unrestricted submarine warfare, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.

Wilson won for keeping the us out of the war but eventually the us would enter ww1

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters (cause of us involvement in ww1)

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

law requiring men to register for military service (draft)

government agency created during WWI to encourage Americans to support the war through use of propaganda

information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause

Backyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort

widespread fear of Communism in the US during the 1920s after the revolution in Russia

new revolutionary ideologies associated with mostly immigrants

two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI (freedom of speech was not protected during war)

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed by violating espionage/sedation act

Supreme court decides that freedom of speech can be restricted during times of war

Congressional support to raid houses of radicals believed to have connections to communism (led to deporting immigrants)

Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.

favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people

Woodrow Wilson's peace plan. Points included: self-determination, no colonial powers grabbing nations, free trade, no secret pacts, freedom of the seas, arms reduction, creation of League of Nations. (Germany surrendered bc they thought this plan wouldn't be strict on them)

Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy, Wilson of USA

Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s.

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations/prevent war (Wilson advocated for this but US never joined) -> led to failure

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

Germany lost land which is one justification for Hitler attacking parts of countries in ww2

-Germany's military was torn apart (treaty of Versailles)

Concept that ethnicities/colonies have the right to govern themselves

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another (failed)

A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression. By taxing imported goods, Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing, but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries, which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.