Unit 8: Ecology (copy)

________ refers to the way plants respond to sunlight- for example, bending toward light.

________ is another form of learning.

________ are animals that generate their own body heat through metabolism.

________ in an ecosystem are concentrated and more dangerous for animals further up the pyramid.

________ flower in response to changes in the amount of daylight and darkness they receive.

________ lack an internal mechanism to control body temperature.

________- in which one organism lives off another with no harm to the host organism (for example, the remora)

________ occurs very quickly, resulting in a J- shaped curve.

________ refers to the way plants respond to touch.

In a(n) ________, only about 10 percent of energy is transferred from one level to the next- this is the 10 % rule.

________: The entire part of the Earth where living things exist.

________- in which the organism actually harms its host.

________ is a common behavior when food and nesting sites are in short supply.

________ is an inborn, unlearned behavior.

________ are considered pioneer organisms.

Pheromones, are ________ between members of the same species that stimulate olfactory receptors and ultimately affect behavior.

________ (pecking orders) occur when members in a group have established which members are the most dominant.

________- in which both organisms win (for example, the lichen components)

________ measures organic materials that are left over after photosynthetic organisms have taken care of their own cellular energy needs.

A(n) ________ is a turning in response to a stimulus.

Learning refers to a change in a(n) ________ about by an experience.

Carrying capacity- the ________ of a species that a habitat can support.

The ________, biomass, and numbers of members within an ecosystem can be represented in an ecological pyramid.

________ is defined as unselfish behavior that benefits another organism in the group at the individuals expense because it advances the genes of the group.

________ can be represented as the number of births minus the number of deaths divided by the size of the population.

________ occurs when a population is in an ideal environment.

The entire part of the Earth where living things exist

The interaction of living and nonliving things

deaths)/N (r is the reproductive rate, and N is the population size.)

Survive with little

Grow and reproduce fast Due to minimal competition

One species using resources efficiently driving other species away

Two species alter using of niche to avoid direct competition- co existence

Excess nitrogen damages environment

Exert strong control on community by role/ niche

Don’t need to be abundant

Predators keep herbivores in check

One is harmed and the other neither helped nor harmed

Stepping on insect

Penicillin antibiotic

Land is rocky uninhabitable

Seed and tiny plants carried over by wind water birds

Better soil more organisms able to live

S- curve considers limiting factors

Growth shrinks as populations approaches capacity